IPV6 Addressing презентация

Содержание

Слайд 1IPv6: Addressing
Milo Liu
SW2
ZyXEL Communications Corp.
3/6/2006

Слайд 2Outline
Review IPv4 addressing .
Basic IPv6 address concepts.
IPv6 address space.
Subnetting IPv6 space.

Слайд 3IPv4 Address
32bit address space.
Subnet defined by a mask.
Unicast host address.
Multicast

address.
Broadcast address.
Special address.

Слайд 4IPv4 Address
32 bits address space.
11010010 01001001 10001100 00000010
210.73.140.2
Subnet mask

(Network section and host section)
A class (0xxxxxxx) + 24 bit
B class (10xxxxxxxxxxxxxx) + 16bits
C class (110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx) + 8bits

Слайд 5IPv4 Address
Multicast address.
1110xxxx + 24bits (223 ~ 240) .xxxxx
Broadcast address.


255.255.255.255
Loop-back address.
127.0.0.1 (localhost)

Слайд 6IPv4 Addresses and IPv6 Equivalents
IPv4 Address IPv6 Address
Internet address classes N/A
Multicast addresses (224.0.0.0/4) IPv6

multicast addresses (FF00::/8)
Broadcast addresses N/A
Unspecified address is 0.0.0.0 Unspecified address is ::
Loopback address is 127.0.0.1 Loopback address is ::1
Public IP addresses Aggregatable global unicast addresses
Private IP addresses Site-local addresses (FEC0::/48)
APIPA addresses Link-local addresses (FE80::/64)
Dotted decimal notation Colon hexadecimal format
Subnet mask or prefix length Prefix length notation only

Слайд 7IPV6 Address syntax.
128bits space. (split by 16bits)







IPv6 Address concept
0010000111011010 0000000011010011

0000000000000000 0010111100111011
0000001010101010 0000000011111111 1111111000101000 1001110001011010
21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A
21DA:D3:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A

Prefix (n)

Interface ID (128 - n)

128 bits

Слайд 8IPv6 Address concept
IPv6 address syntax: Compressing Zeros
FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2 becomes FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 FF02::2

Слайд 9IPv6 Address concept
Prefix is part of address where the bits have

fixed values or are the bits of a route or subnet identifier.
IPv6 subnets or routes always uses address/prefix-length notation. (Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) )
21DA:D3::/48 for a route
21DA:D3:0:2F3B::/64 for a subnet

Слайд 10Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Слайд 11IPv6 Addresses Application
Router 1
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
Router 2
Host A
Host B
Site: FEC0::1: 20D:60FF:FECB:6255
Link:

FE80::20D:60FF:FECB:6255

Multicast: FF01::1
FF02::1
FF02::1:FFCB:6255

internet

Global: 3000:4D:C00:: 20D:60FF:FECB:6255

Слайд 12IPv6 Address concept
Subnet Mask: not required and as prefix of IPv6

address
Type of address
Unicast
Address of a single interface
One-to-one delivery to single interface
Multicast
Address of a set of interfaces
One-to-many delivery to all interfaces in the set
Anycast
Address of a set of interfaces
One-to-one-of-many delivery to a single interface in the set that is closest
No broadcast addresses

Слайд 13IPv6 Address concept
Unicast address
Aggregatable global unicast addresses
Link-local addresses
Site-local addresses
Special addresses
Compatibility addresses
NSAP

addresses

Слайд 14IPv6 Address concept
IPv6 Address space
64bits (subnet section) + 64bits (interface section)

Prefix
Interface

ID

64 bits

64 bits

Слайд 15Unicast address
Aggregatable global unicast addresses
Top-Level Aggregation ID (TLA ID)
Next-Level Aggregation ID

(NLA ID)
Site-Level Aggregation ID (SLA ID)
Interface ID

TLA ID

Interface ID

13 bits

64 bits

SLA ID

24 bits

001

NLA ID

16 bits

Res

8 bits

Слайд 16Unicast address
Topologies Within Global Addresses
Public Topology
Site Topology
Interface ID
TLA ID
Interface ID
64 bits
SLA

ID

001

NLA ID

16 bits

Res

48 bits

Public Topology

Site Topology

Interface Identifier

Слайд 17Unicast address
Link-local addresses
Used between on-link neighbors and for Neighbor Discovery
Format

Prefix 1111 1110 10
FE80::/64 prefix
Used for local link only
Single subnet, no router
Address autoconfiguration
Neighbor Discovery

Слайд 18Unicast address
Link-local addresses
1111 1110 10
Interface ID
10 bits
64 bits
000 . . .

000

54 bits

Слайд 19Unicast address
Site-local addresses
Used between nodes in the same site
Format Prefix

1111 1110 11
FEC0::/48 prefix for site
Used for local site only
Replacement for IPv4 private addresses
Intranets not connected to the Internet
Routers do not forward site-local traffic outside the site


Слайд 20Unicast address
Site-local addresses
1111 1110 11
Interface ID
10 bits
64 bits
000 . . .

000

38 bits

Subnet ID

16 bits

Слайд 21Unicast address
Special addresses
Unspecified address
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::
Loopback address
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1

Слайд 22Unicast address
Compatibility Addresses
IPv4-compatible address
0:0:0:0:0:0:w.x.y.z or ::w.x.y.z
IPv4-mapped address
0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:w.x.y.z or ::FFFF:w.x.y.z
6over4 address
[64-bit prefix]:0:0:WWXX:YYZZ


6to4 address
2002:WWXX:YYZZ:[SLA ID]:[Interface ID]
ISATAP address
Interface ID of ::0:5EFE:w.x.y.z

Слайд 23Multicast IPv6 Address
Defined multicast addresses
All-Nodes addresses
FF01::1 (Node Local), FF02::1 (Link Local)
All-Routers

addresses
FF01::2 (Node Local), FF02::2 (Link Local), FF05::2 (Site Local)

1111 1111

Group ID

8 bits

112 bits

Flags

4 bits

Scope

4 bits

Слайд 24Scope: 4bits

Слайд 25Multicast IPv6 Address
Recommended Multicast IPv6 Addresses
Single IPv6 multicast address maps to

a single Ethernet multicast MAC address

1111 1111

Group ID

8 bits

32 bits

Flags

4 bits

Scope

4 bits

80 bits

000 … 000

Слайд 26Multicast IPv6 Address
Solicited-Node Address
Acts as a pseudo-unicast address for very efficient

address resolution
For FE80::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A, the corresponding solicited-node address is FF02::1:FF28:9C5A

Слайд 27Multicast IPv6 Address
Solicited-Node Address
Interface ID
64 bits
Unicast prefix
64 bits

FF02:
24 bits
:1:FF
0:0:0:0

Слайд 28Anycast IPv6 Address
An anycast address is an address that is assigned

to a set of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes.
A packet sent to an anycast address is delivered to the closest interface.
Anycast addresses can be used only by a router, not a host, and anycast addresses must not be used as the source address of an IPv6 packet.
Subnet router anycast address

Слайд 29IPv6 Addresses Application
IPv6 Addresses for a Host
Unicast addresses:
A link-local address for

each interface
Unicast addresses for each interface (site-local or global addresses)
A loopback address (::1)
Listen Multicast addresses:
The node-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF01::1)
The link-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF02::1)
The solicited-node address for each unicast address
The multicast addresses of joined groups

Слайд 30IPv6 Addresses Application
IPv6 Addresses for a Router
Unicast addresses:
A link-local address for

each interface
Unicast addresses for each interface
Loopback address (::1)
Anycast addresses
Subnet-router anycast address
Additional anycast addresses (optional)
Listen Multicast addresses:
The node-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF01::1)
The node-local scope all-routers multicast address (FF01::2)
The link-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF02::1)
The link-local scope all-routers multicast address (FF02::2)
The site-local scope all-routers multicast address (FF05::2)
The solicited-node address for each unicast address
The multicast addresses of joined groups

Слайд 31IPv6 Addresses Application
Router 1
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
Router 2
Host A
Host B
Site: FEC0::1: 20D:60FF:FECB:6255
Link:

FE80::20D:60FF:FECB:6255

Multicast: FF01::1
FF02::1
FF02::1:FFCB:6255

internet

Global: 3000:4D:C00:: 20D:60FF:FECB:6255

Слайд 32IPv6 Interface Identifiers
Interface identifier based on:
Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)-64 address
Either assigned

to a network adapter card or derived from IEEE 802 addresses
Temporarily assigned, randomly generated value that changes over time
A value assigned by a stateful address configuration protocol
A value assigned during a Point-to-Point Protocol connection establishment
A manually configured value

Слайд 33IEEE EUI-64 Addresses
Extended Unique Identifier
Company ID
Extension ID

Слайд 34IPv6 Interface Identifiers
Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)-64 address
Extended Unique Identifier
Company ID
Extension ID

Слайд 35Conversion of an IEEE 802 Address to an EUI-64 Address
Host A

has the MAC address of 00-0D-60-CB-62-55
1. Convert to EUI-64 format
00-0D-60-FF-FE-CB-62-55
2. Complement the U/L bit
The first byte in binary form is 00000000. When the seventh bit is complemented, it becomes 00000010 (0x02).
Result is 02-0D-60-FF-FE-CB-62-55
3. Convert to colon hexadecimal notation
20D:60FF:FECB:6255
Link-local address for node with the MAC address of 00-0D-60-CB-62-55 is FE80:: 20D:60FF:FECB:6255.

Слайд 3600000000 00001101 01100000
11001011 1100010 1010101
11111111
11111110
0xFF
0xFE
EUI-64 Address
00000000 00001101 01100000
24 bits
24 bits
11001011 1100010

1010101

IEEE-administered company ID

Manufacturer-selected extension ID

IEEE 802 Address

00000010 00001101 01100000

64 bits

11111111 11111110 11001011 1100010 1010101

IPv6 Interface Identifier

Слайд 37Temporary Address Interface Identifiers
Random IPv6 interface identifier
Prevent identification of traffic regardless

of the prefix
Initial value based on random number
Future values based on MD5 hash of history value and EUI-64-based interface identifier
Result is a temporary address
Generated from public address prefixes using stateless address autoconfiguration
Changes over time

Слайд 38IPv6
Multicast Address
33-33-
8
16
24
32
FF...:
Ethernet
Multicast Address
Mapping IPv6 Multicast Addresses to Ethernet

Addresses

Слайд 39IPv6 Addresses Application
Router 1
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
Router 2
Host A
Host B
Site: FEC0::1: 20D:60FF:FECB:6255
Link:

FE80::20D:60FF:FECB:6255

Multicast: FF01::1
FF02::1
FF02::1:FFCB:6255

internet

Global: 3000:4D:C00:: 20D:60FF:FECB:6255

Слайд 40Subnetting the IPv6 Address Space
Subnetting for NLA IDs





[16-bit prefix]:00
















f
r








s

Слайд 41Subnetting the IPv6 Address Space
Subnetting for SLA IDs
[48-bit prefix]:
















::
f
s
r

Слайд 42Expression
Based on s (the number of bits chosen for subnetting), m

(the prefix length of the network prefix being subnetted), and F (the hexadecimal value of the subnet being subnetted), calculate the following:
f = m - 48
f is the number of bits within the subnet ID that are already fixed.
n = 2s
n is the number of network prefixes that are obtained.
i = 216-(f+s)
i is the incremental value between each successive subnet ID expressed in hexadecimal form.
l = 48 + f + s
l is the prefix length of the new subnetted network prefixes.

Слайд 43Example
To perform a 3-bit subnetting of the site-local network prefix FEC0:0:0:C000::/51,

we first calculate the values of the number of prefixes, the increment, and the new prefix length. Our starting values are F = 0xC000, s = 3, and f = 51 - 48 = 3. The number of prefixes is 8 (n = 23). The increment is 0x400 (i = 216-(3+3) = 1024 = 0x400). The new prefix length is 54 (l = 48 + 3 + 3).

Слайд 45
Date
Subject
Lecturer
Introduction to IPv6
IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 Header & Extensions
Neighbor Discovery Protocol
Multicast Listener Discovery
IPv6

Routing

ICMPv6

Address Autoconfigurator

Joe Zhao

Milo Liu

Joe Zhao

Feng Zhou

Billy Bian

Jeffrey Zhou

Feng Zhou

Milo Liu

03/10

03/16

03/23

03/23

03/30

03/30

04/06

04/06

Training course arrangement

Слайд 46
Date
Subject
Lecturer
Setting Up an IPv6 Test Lab
IPv6 Migration Mechanisms
IPv6 Mobility
Joe Zhou
Milo Liu
04/13
04/20
Training

course arrangement

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