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Isaac Newton 1642-1727 презентация
Содержание
- 1. Isaac Newton 1642-1727
- 2. Isaac Newton 1642-1727 Considered one of the
- 3. During this time, a mostly Plato/Aristotle
- 4. Newton returns home Graduated from Cambridge in
- 5. 1666 – Newton’s miracle year Newton developed
- 6. Development of Calculus He named it the
- 7. Newton needed this to develop his
- 8. Newton’s three laws of motion First Law
- 9. This was more advanced than the Plutonian view of movement.
- 10. Second Law of Motion F = ma
- 11. He probably used Galileo's experimental conclusions
- 12. Newton’s Third Law of Motion For every
- 13. Newton’s Universal Gravitation Theory His “ah-ha!” experience
- 14. Fg α m1m2/s2 F = force
- 15. Final form of gravitation equation Fg
- 16. Newton developed a mathematical “proof” based
- 17. New paradigm for society The universe is
- 18. Newton’s Social Life Became a member of
- 19. Strengths of Newton’s Theory Explains almost all
- 20. Weaknesses of Newton’s Theory The theory did
Isaac Newton 1642-1727 Considered one of the greatest intellects that ever lived Newton had a difficult childhood and was considered an odd boy. He was sent to Cambridge in 1660 to
Слайд 2Isaac Newton 1642-1727
Considered one of the greatest intellects that ever lived
Newton
had a difficult childhood and was considered an odd boy.
He was sent to Cambridge in 1660 to earn a degree in law.
He was sent to Cambridge in 1660 to earn a degree in law.
Слайд 3
During this time, a mostly Plato/Aristotle view of universe predominated.
Newton sought
truth in science and math.
“Plato is my friend, Aristotle is my friend, but my best friend is truth.”
“Plato is my friend, Aristotle is my friend, but my best friend is truth.”
Слайд 4Newton returns home
Graduated from Cambridge in 1665 with no distinction.
The plague
closed university that same year.
Newton returned to his family’s farm for 18 months.
Newton returned to his family’s farm for 18 months.
Слайд 51666 – Newton’s miracle year
Newton developed a theory of light (white
light is composed of all colors).
He developed calculus.
Created his laws of motion.
And finally, created his universal theory of gravitation.
He developed calculus.
Created his laws of motion.
And finally, created his universal theory of gravitation.
Слайд 6Development of Calculus
He named it the “Method of Fluxions.”
Used it for
finding areas, tangents, the lengths of curves and the maxima and minima of functions.
Слайд 7
Newton needed this to develop his laws of motion and law
of gravitation.
The credit for calculus is now shared with Leibniz.
The credit for calculus is now shared with Leibniz.
Слайд 8Newton’s three laws of motion
First Law
An object does what it’s already
doing unless affected by an unbalanced force.
This is Galileo's concept of inertia.
Also called the “law of inertia”.
Friction is a force.
This is Galileo's concept of inertia.
Also called the “law of inertia”.
Friction is a force.
Слайд 10Second Law of Motion
F = ma
F = net (unbalanced) force in
Newtons
m = mass in kilograms
a = acceleration in m/sec2
m = mass in kilograms
a = acceleration in m/sec2
Слайд 11
He probably used Galileo's experimental conclusions to develop this equation.
This equation
can be developed from lab experiments.
Слайд 12Newton’s Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal
and opposite reaction.
For every force, there is an equal and opposite force.
For every force, there is an equal and opposite force.
Слайд 13Newton’s Universal Gravitation Theory
His “ah-ha!” experience started with a falling apple-
does the moon also fall?
The same laws that apply to the Earth also apply to the heavens.
The same laws that apply to the Earth also apply to the heavens.
Слайд 14Fg α m1m2/s2
F = force in Newtons
α read as “is
proportional to”
m1 = mass of first object in Kg
m2 = mass of second object in Kg
s2 = distance between object’s center of gravity in meters
m1 = mass of first object in Kg
m2 = mass of second object in Kg
s2 = distance between object’s center of gravity in meters
Слайд 15Final form of gravitation equation
Fg = Gm1m2/s2
G = the gravitational
constant (determined 100 years after Newton)
G = (6.67 x 10-11 N(m2/Kg2).
G = (6.67 x 10-11 N(m2/Kg2).
Слайд 16
Newton developed a mathematical “proof” based on his first 3 laws
of motion.
This law also supported by Kepler’s calculations and orbit data.
This law also supported by Kepler’s calculations and orbit data.
Слайд 17New paradigm for society
The universe is subject to “cause and effect”
(responding to forces).
Less magic, and more reason.
All of nature can be explained by math and reason.
The universe is like a giant wind-up clock, set in motion at creation.
Less magic, and more reason.
All of nature can be explained by math and reason.
The universe is like a giant wind-up clock, set in motion at creation.
Слайд 18Newton’s Social Life
Became a member of Royal Society of Science in
1672.
Reluctant to publish, because he was sensitive to criticism.
Was also very vindictive to enemies.
Reluctant to publish, because he was sensitive to criticism.
Was also very vindictive to enemies.
Слайд 19Strengths of Newton’s Theory
Explains almost all observations.
Can accurately calculate outcomes (used
to calculate everything from space shuttles to the design of skyscrapers).
For the most part, is derived by applying logic to everyday experience (applied common sense).
For the most part, is derived by applying logic to everyday experience (applied common sense).
Слайд 20Weaknesses of Newton’s Theory
The theory did not explain the cause of
gravity – Why does mass attract mass?
Eventually, the absolute speed of light would create problems.
Eventually, the absolute speed of light would create problems.
