The Foundations of Planning презентация

Learning Objectives Define planning Explain the potential benefits of planning Identify the potential drawbacks of planning Compare strategic and tactical plans Compare directional and specific plans

Слайд 1The Foundations of Planning


Слайд 2Learning Objectives

Define planning
Explain the potential benefits of planning
Identify the potential drawbacks

of planning
Compare strategic and tactical plans
Compare directional and specific plans

Слайд 3Learning Objectives

Discuss Management by Objectives
Outline the strategic management process
Describe the four

grand strategies
Explain SWOT analysis
Learn how entrepreneurs and bureaucratic managers approach strategy

Слайд 4Reduce the
Impact of Change
Provide
Direction
Minimize Waste
or Redundancy
Set Control
Standards
Reasons
for Planning


Слайд 5Arguments
Against
Strategic
Planning

Rigid Assumptions
of Stability
Intuition
and Creativity
Environmental
Turbulence
Focus on Today’s
Competition
Preoccupation with
Current Success


Слайд 6Does Planning Improve Performance?
Financial results
Environmental concerns
Quality and implementation


Слайд 7




Objectives

Time Frame

Scope
How Do Strategic and Tactical Plans Differ?


Слайд 8The Time Frame of Planning
Short-Term
Plans
Long-Term
Plans


Слайд 9
Specific Plans











Directional Plans
Clear
General
Low
High
Flexibility
Objectives


Слайд 10Single-Use and Standing Plans
Unique
Situations
Ongoing
Operations


Слайд 11







Organizational
Objectives
Divisional
Objectives
Departmental
Objectives
Individual
Objectives
What Is Management by Objectives?


Слайд 12
Common MBO Elements
Goal
Specificity
Explicit
Time Period
Participative
Decision Making
Performance
Feedback


Слайд 13
Goal
Difficulty
Does MBO
Work?
Goal
Specificity
Top
Management
Participation


Слайд 14Setting Employee Objectives

Identify key job tasks
Set specific hard goals
Let employees participate
Prioritize

goals
Build in feedback
Reward goal attainment

Слайд 15The Downside of Objectives
Quality of
Products
Quantity of
Products
Individual
Effort
Team Focus
Potential
Improvement
Continuous
Improvement


Слайд 16
Set Mission,
Objectives,
and Strategies
Formulate
Strategies
Analyze the
Environment
Identify
Opportunities
and Threats
Analyze
Resources
Identify
Strengths and
Weaknesses
Reassess
Mission and
Objectives
Implement
Strategies
Evaluate
Results
The Strategic

Management Process

Слайд 17Starting the Strategic Management Process


Слайд 18

Competitive
Intelligence
Environmental
Scanning
Analyzing the
Environment


Слайд 19





SWOT
Analysis
Weaknesses
Threats
Opportunities
Strengths


Слайд 20Identifying Opportunities



Opportunities in
the Environment
Organization’s
Resources


Слайд 21Retrenchment
Combination
The Grand Strategies
Stability
Growth


Слайд 22
Determining A Competitive Strategy
Differentiation
Cost
Leadership
Focus


Слайд 23Implementation
Evaluation


Слайд 24Benchmarking
Quality As
A Strategic
Weapon
ISO 9000
Six Sigma


Слайд 26Comparing Entrepreneurs and Traditional Managers



Traditional Rewards
Short-Term Goals
Delegate/Supervise
Low

Avoidance

Primary Motivation
Time Orientation
Activity
Risk Propensity
View of Failure/Errors

Personal Rewards
Long-Term Goals
Direct Involvement
Moderate
Acceptance

Entrepreneurs

Managers

Characteristics


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