Preventive measures of neurological diseases презентация

diseases of the heart and cancers
Killed 150,147 people in 2004; females accounted for 60.9 percent of stroke deaths.
About 5,700,000 stroke survivors are alive today. 2,400,000 are males and 3,300,000 are females.

fib and other cardiac conditions
Dislipidemia (ischemic stroke)
Post-menopausal hormone therapy
Poor diet
Obesity/body fat distribution
Inactivity

the brain ruptures
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): ruptured aneurism in the subarachnoid space; or due to head trauma
15% of all strokes

Smoking: complete cessation (Class I, evidence level B
Avoid exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Class IIA, evidence C)
BP control: goal <140/90 mmHg with lower targets in some subgroups (<130/80 in diabetes)

Goldstein et al, Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke, Stroke 2006;37:1583-1633)

of sodium and increased intake of potassium to lower blood pressure (Class I, evidence A)
Recommended sodium intake <2.3g/day; potassium >4.7g/day
DASH diet emphasizing fruits, vegetables, lowfat dairy products is recommended to lower BP (Class I, evidence A)
High fruit and vegetable intake may lower risk of stroke (Evidence C)
Wt reduction is recommended because it lowers BP
Increased physical activity (>30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity daily)

Pearson et al. (Circulation. 2002;106:388-391.)

stroke, in contrast to CAD
Cholesterol reduction with diet and nonstatin drugs is not effective in stroke prevention, although reductions in levels of cholesterol are modest
Statins produce a statistically significant 25% reduction in the risk of stroke

Briel M, et al Am J Med 2004;117:596-606

white males at age 100 is 41.5%
Higher prevalence in women (3X) due to lower mortality

familiar people or things (anomia).
Forget how to do simple tasks, such as brushing teeth, brushing hair
Get lost in familiar surroundings
Repeat words spoken by others (echolalia)
Loss of comprehension (agnosia)

shuffling gait
Bowel and bladder control lost
Limb weakness and contractures
Intellectual activity ceases
Vegetative state

65
Family history: early onset strongly hereditary; late onset has a genetic component
Those with a parent or sibling with AD are 2-3 times more likely to develop AD

hypertension, diabetes
↓ AD risk associated with exercise, staying mentally active, social engagement
Research ongoing into use of antioxidants (vitamins E and C), ginkgo biloba
Research into estrogen and AD suggests that estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women may ↑ risk of dementia

may slow progress (tacrine (Cognex®), donepezil (Aricept®), rivastigmine (Exelon®), or galantamine (Razadyne®)
Other medications may treat symptoms such as sleeplessness, agitation, wandering, anxiety, and depression

National Institutes on Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Education and Referral Center http://www.alzheimers.org/treatment.htm

that people are more likely to develop an aneurysm if a family member has had one. Frequent screening tests are recommended if aneurysms have occurred in your family.
Lifestyle changes to maintain healthy blood vessels can help prevent aneurysms, including not smoking, exercising regularly and eating a balanced, low-fat diet.

wrist exercises and stretches periodically.
Use proper hand and wrist positioning and pay attention to ergonomics.
Take breaks during work.
Set your computer monitor at eye level, and keep elbows at a 70- to 90-degree angle and wrists in a neutral position.
Wear splints at night.
Use tools and equipment in your daily tasks that are designed to minimize the risk of wrist and hand injury.
Use cold treatments (such as ice packs) to reduce inflammation in the hands
Treat underlying medical conditions that contribute to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome, such as diabetes, thyroid disease and arthritis.