Birth trauma in newborns презентация

disproportion,
dystocia,
prolonged labor,
abnormal presentation,
and certain operative deliveries, particularly vacuum extraction.

occurred during labor as a result of cephalopelvic disproportion or when forceps have been used during delivery. Injuries caused by dystocia occur over the presenting part; forceps injury occurs at the site of application of the instrument.
Forceps injury frequently has a linear configuration across both sides of the face, outlining the position of the forceps. The affected areas should be kept clean to minimize the risk of secondary infection. These lesions usually resolve spontaneously within several days with no specific therapy.

of the chest, and lower portion of the back at birth after a difficult delivery; they are observed more frequently after breech deliveries.

is increased in premature infants, especially after a rapid labor and poorly controlled delivery. When extensive, ecchymoses may reflect blood loss severe enough to cause anemia and, rarely, shock. The reabsorption of blood from an ecchymotic area may result in significant hyperbilirubinemia .
TREATMENT
No local therapy is necessary. The rise in serum bilirubin that follows severe bruising may be decreased by the use of phototherapy.
Ecchymoses rarely result in significant anemia.

PROGNOSIS
The ecchymoses usually resolve spontaneously within 1 week.

labor, and delivery were completely uncomplicated. Note nodular lesion located on right buttock and surrounded by erythema (darkened area).

hour) labor. Infant was delivered by occiput-anterior presentation after rotation from occiput-posterior position.

onset in an infant born at term. The clot has started to resolve and has become less echogenic. The foramen of Monro appears to be (partially) occluded, leading to severe posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation especially of the right ventricle

This type of lesion occurs in approximately 3% to 15% of all hemorrhages.
Direct extension into the parenchyma from pressure of blood in the ventricle is now considered unlikely. Some still take the view that all parenchymal hemorrhages are originally ischemic in origin, with any bleeding being a secondary complication.
However, most agree that a unilateral parenchymal lesion accompanying GMH-IVH is most often caused by the presence of the GMH leading to impaired venous drainage and venous infarction.

in the posterior fossa with blood along the tentorium bilaterally (arrows). B, At a higher level, extensive cortical highlighting is seen posteriorly and in the region of the sylvian fissure.

from intrauterine or perinatal compartment syndrome.