- Главная
- Разное
- Дизайн
- Бизнес и предпринимательство
- Аналитика
- Образование
- Развлечения
- Красота и здоровье
- Финансы
- Государство
- Путешествия
- Спорт
- Недвижимость
- Армия
- Графика
- Культурология
- Еда и кулинария
- Лингвистика
- Английский язык
- Астрономия
- Алгебра
- Биология
- География
- Детские презентации
- Информатика
- История
- Литература
- Маркетинг
- Математика
- Медицина
- Менеджмент
- Музыка
- МХК
- Немецкий язык
- ОБЖ
- Обществознание
- Окружающий мир
- Педагогика
- Русский язык
- Технология
- Физика
- Философия
- Химия
- Шаблоны, картинки для презентаций
- Экология
- Экономика
- Юриспруденция
Philosophy of the Renaissance презентация
Содержание
- 1. Philosophy of the Renaissance
- 2. Renaissance is a rather complicated phenomenon of
- 3. The western Renaissance generally divided into three
- 4. Many of the ideas of the Renaissance
- 5. But at the same time in Italy,
- 6. Main cause of the Renaissance was considered
- 7. Economically free people required to justify their
- 8. In this approach, God becomes not the
- 9. Renaissance humanism is not protection of human
- 10. First thinker of the Renaissance called Dante
- 11. He is the author of a well-known
- 12. Inferno: Limbo, добродетельные нехристиане Lust, похоть Gluttony,
- 13. Purgatorio: Proud, Гордецы Envious, Завистники Wrathful, Гневные
- 14. Paradiso is telling of Dante’s journey through Heaven,
- 15. Dante indicated that nature itself has divine
- 16. Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374), perhaps better known as
- 17. Human life is given only once and
- 18. Probably afterlife doesn’t exist, and immortality can
- 19. Neoplatonic period Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499). He translated
- 20. The philosophy is understood as the scientific
- 21. The world is ordered. The hierarchy of
- 22. Lorenzo Valla (1407-1457), (“On the
- 23. George Gemistus Plethon (1355–1452) – an orthodox
- 24. Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494). (“900 theses”). The
- 25. Human is the fourth world, he is
- 26. Younger contemporary (современник) of humanists was Nicholas
- 27. He is trying to return to the
- 28. Nicholas of Cusa is a pantheist, and
- 29. Natural-philosophical period Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) One of founders of applied (опытного) natural sciences.
- 30. Nature is a creative active beginning, God
- 31. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) The author of
- 32. Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) The central category of his philosophy is Integrity (Единое)
- 33. Integrity is being which is the reason
- 34. He used Neoplatonic terms: “single”, “mind”, “soul”, “matter” The conception of plurality of the worlds.
- 35. God and the world are identical essences.
- 36. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Has laid the foundation for classical mechanics,
- 37. has formulated a principle of a relativity
- 38. Political-legal ideas of the Renaissance Human nature,
- 39. Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) The main work
- 40. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527). (“The Prince”). God is
- 41. States appear and disappear according to the
- 42. Christianity too believes in the afterlife and
- 43. Philosophy of RENAISSANCE in northern Europe
- 44. Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (1469-1536) (Holland) Important for
- 45. He opposed super’stitions (суеверие), pseudoscience, scholastic philosophy
- 46. Martin Luther (1483-1546) “Faith alone justifies man”
- 47. Man has no free will, all his
- 48. The most significant philosopher of the Renaissance
- 49. Montaigne calls to renounce (отказаться) all authorities
- 50. Thank you for your attention
Renaissance is a rather complicated phenomenon of Western culture of the middle XIV and the beginning of the XVII century.
Слайд 2Renaissance is a rather complicated phenomenon of Western culture of the
middle XIV and the beginning of the XVII century.
Слайд 3The western Renaissance generally divided into three periods:
1st period (Humanistic): Mid
of XIV-Mid of XV.
2nd period (Neoplatonic): Mid of XV-Beg of XVI.
3rd period (Natural-philosophical): end of XVI-Beg of XVII.
2nd period (Neoplatonic): Mid of XV-Beg of XVI.
3rd period (Natural-philosophical): end of XVI-Beg of XVII.
Слайд 4Many of the ideas of the Renaissance originated much earlier than
the beginning of this epoch, when there were disputes in the medieval universities, where the main ideas were the ideas of Thomas Aquinas.
Lady with an Ermine
Lady with an Ermine
Слайд 5But at the same time in Italy, it originated some ideas,
which were opposed to prevailed scholastic outlook of that time.
Ginevra de’ Benci
Ginevra de’ Benci
Слайд 6Main cause of the Renaissance was considered economic cause, as this
was a time of rapid development of handicrafts, the emergence and strengthening of cities (Renaissance begins in Italy: Rome, Naples, Venice, Florence).
La belle ferronnière
La belle ferronnière
Слайд 7Economically free people required to justify their activities through a new
outlook, more than scholastic edifices or ascetic Catholic priests, monks, and the early Fathers of the Church gave.
Mona Lisa, La Gioconda
Mona Lisa, La Gioconda
Слайд 8In this approach, God becomes not the center of the world,
but the object of purely theoretical knowledge, allowing all kinds of doubts. Thus scholastic philosophy prepared such a phenomenon that we call the Renaissance.
Слайд 9Renaissance humanism is not protection of human rights, but it studies
human as he is given. Main feature of humanism is its attention to ancient Greek-Roman culture.
The Sistine Madonna
The Sistine Madonna
Слайд 10First thinker of the Renaissance called Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) notwithstanding that
he lived in the heyday (расцвет) of scholastic philosophy.
Слайд 11He is the author of a well-known epic poem «The Divine
Comedy». It is about a trip through the afterlife. The poem has three parts:
Inferno (Hell),
Purgatorio (‘Purgatory), and
Paradiso (Paradise, or Heaven).
Inferno (Hell),
Purgatorio (‘Purgatory), and
Paradiso (Paradise, or Heaven).
Слайд 12 Inferno:
Limbo, добродетельные нехристиане
Lust, похоть
Gluttony, чревоугодие
Greed, скупость
Wrath, гнев
Heresy, уныние
Violence, лжеуители
Fraud, обманувшие недоверившихся
Treachery,
обманувшие доверившихся
Слайд 13Purgatorio:
Proud, Гордецы
Envious, Завистники
Wrathful, Гневные
Slothful, Унылые
Covetous, Скупцы и расточители
Gluttonous, Чревоугодники
Lustful, Сладострастники
Слайд 14Paradiso is telling of Dante’s journey through Heaven, guided by Beatrice, who
symbolises theology. Paradise is depicted as concentric spheres surrounding the Earth, consisting of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Fixed Stars, the Primum Mobile (перводвигатель), Empyrean.
Слайд 15Dante indicated that nature itself has divine essence. Thus human is
involved in two natures: the terrestrial and heavenly.
Слайд 16Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374), perhaps better known as a great poet, but
nevertheless founded humanistic philosophy in the Renaissance.
(“On my and another’s ignorance” and “My Secret“)
(“On my and another’s ignorance” and “My Secret“)
Слайд 17Human life is given only once and it’s unique;
A person should
not live for God;
A person can be free;
A person can achieve happiness, relying only on himself and his capacity;
A person can be free;
A person can achieve happiness, relying only on himself and his capacity;
Слайд 18Probably afterlife doesn’t exist, and immortality can be achieved only in
people’s memories;
A person mustn’t be brought as a sacrifice to God, and should enjoy his life and love;
A person mustn’t be brought as a sacrifice to God, and should enjoy his life and love;
Слайд 19Neoplatonic period
Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499). He translated the works of Plato and
Platonists to the Latin.
Слайд 20The philosophy is understood as the scientific religion, opening the truths
containing in faith. The main feature of a person is his aspiration to freedom
Слайд 21The world is ordered. The hierarchy of the world has, according
to Ficino, the five stages: God, angels, spirit, quality and matter. Soul is situated in the middle of this hierarchy and connects all of its units.
Слайд 22Lorenzo Valla
(1407-1457),
(“On the pleasure”)
He was a philosopher, reviving
(возрождающий) Epicurean philosophy.
Слайд 23George Gemistus Plethon (1355–1452) – an orthodox priest from Constantinople.
He prefers
the emanation vision of the world instead of creationism.
Слайд 24Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494). (“900 theses”).
The world has three levels: the
angelic, celestial (небесный) and elemental. These worlds are eternal, because God is eternal.
Слайд 25Human is the fourth world, he is absolutely free and can
therefore put himself at every level of this world.
Nature has a causal structure that can be described by the language of mathematics.
Nature has a causal structure that can be described by the language of mathematics.
Слайд 26Younger contemporary (современник) of humanists was Nicholas of Cusa (Nicolaus Krebs)
(1401–1464) – “On Learned Ignorance”
Слайд 27He is trying to return to the spirit of the early
church fathers (Origen). We can not say anything on God, so we can not know the truth. This is our ignorance.
A human is microcosm.
A human is microcosm.
Слайд 28Nicholas of Cusa is a pantheist, and in a question on
interaction of faith and reason he accepts a position of “two truths”.
Слайд 29Natural-philosophical period
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
One of founders of applied (опытного) natural
sciences.
Слайд 30Nature is a creative active beginning, God is the Supreme artist.
Anticipating (предвосхищая) Copernicus he asserted (утверждал) that the Earth isn’t the center of the Universe.
Слайд 31Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
The author of a heliocentric system of the
world. He entered a self-movement principle.
Слайд 33Integrity is being which is the reason of itself. The Universe
is infinite and motionless, it isn't created by God. But within Universe all is incurred (подвержено) to development, change and destruction
Слайд 34He used Neoplatonic terms: “single”, “mind”, “soul”, “matter”
The conception of plurality
of the worlds.
Слайд 35God and the world are identical essences.
Because God is infinite, so
far the world is infinite.
God is the maximum and minimum, so He exists at each point of the world.
God is the maximum and minimum, so He exists at each point of the world.
Слайд 37has formulated a principle of a relativity of movement, has offered
the idea of energy, the law of free falling of bodies. At the heart of the nature is the unity of material substances existing under the laws of mechanics.
Слайд 38Political-legal ideas of the Renaissance
Human nature, customs of the people and
the history are put forward
Слайд 39Hugo Grotius
(1583-1645)
The main work «On the Law of War and
Peace: Three books». State is result of the agreement. Republic is most ancient and the optimum form of a governmental system
Слайд 40Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527).
(“The Prince”). God is completely excluded by him from
public life: a person himself creates a policy, based on terrestrial interests
Слайд 41States appear and disappear according to the laws of fortune.
People –
self-preservation – society – rulers – army – political laws. Politics and morality are incom’patible (несовместимы).
Слайд 42Christianity too believes in the afterlife and does not appreciate reality.
Politics
is completely au’tonomous, morality and religion are products of politics. Therefore, the political aim is the highest one.
Слайд 44Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (1469-1536) (Holland)
Important for Erasmus is the upbringing (воспитание)
and education of man.
Слайд 45He opposed super’stitions (суеверие), pseudoscience, scholastic philosophy and theology.
He also defended
the existence of human free will.
Слайд 46Martin Luther (1483-1546) “Faith alone justifies man”
In October 1517, Martin Luther
exhibits (выставлять) at the door of church in Württemberg his famous 95 theses on in’dulgences, (era of the Reformation).
Слайд 47Man has no free will, all his actions are predetermined from
over.
After the Fall man’s will was imperfect and began to be focused onto evil.
After the Fall man’s will was imperfect and began to be focused onto evil.
Слайд 48The most significant philosopher of the Renaissance in France is Michel
de Montaigne (Монтень) (1533-1592).
“Essays”
Philosophy of everyday life through self-knowledge.
“Essays”
Philosophy of everyday life through self-knowledge.
Слайд 49Montaigne calls to renounce (отказаться) all authorities and schools, because they
can not lead a person to knowledge.
Ethics of Montaigne is similar to the Epicurean ethics
Ethics of Montaigne is similar to the Epicurean ethics
