Philosophy of ancient greece презентация

commerce
Exchange of information
Independence of wealthy colonies
Slave-owning system
Division of physical end intellectual labor
Policy:
Oligarchic democracy

to create naturalistic picture of Universe
A lot of intuitive assumptions proposed by Greeks were proved by science lately in history

Aristotle)
“Archae” - primary substance – fundamental principle of Universe –
Greek: “αρχή”, Latin: “principium”

is in constant changes
Perpetual flux structures by LOGOS – logic of reason
“You can`t step twice in to the same river”

Soul is a prisoner of body and can be reincarnated
The highest purpose of soul – to purify itself by cultivating intellectual virtues, refraining from sensual pleasures and practicing religious rituals

(indivisible), imperishable , distinguished by size, shape & weight.
Atoms = existence
Emptiness =non-existence

(justice, love, virtue, self-cognition)
Knowledge – virtue, ignorance – vice
Philosopher`s duty is to provoke people into thinking for themselves “Percept yourself”
Dialectic method - the highest method of the speculative thought for analytical examination for clear definition of basic concepts

be obtained by soul activity – “recalling of soul” by dialectical principle
“Republic” – Myth of the Cave – humanity imprisoned in cave and mistaking shadows on the wall for reality. Philosopher penetrates the world outside the “cave of ignorance” and achieves a vision of true reality

existence of the concept apart from particular objects of sense: knowledge must be grounded on sense experience

– matter out of which thing made


Formal cause – spicies, kind or type


Final cause – the goal

Athenian marketplace where Zeno established school
Seneca – statesman & orator
Epictetus - slave
Marcus Aurelius – Roman emperor
“Follow where Reason leads” (don’t submit passion of love, hate, fear, pleasure)
Virtues:
wisdom, courage, justice, temperance

nature may set man free from fear of gods & death)
Hedonism – the philosophy of pleasure.
Highest good is to be happy and free from pain
Aim of life – to achieve maximum pleasure, pleasure of soul – freeing man from trouble and fair and moderating his passions and appetites

comes, was originally an adjective meaning "doglike" from “kun” - "dog.“
Diogenes lived the life of a homeless man, wearing tattered robes, begging for food, sleeping on the street, and occasionally in a pithos(a large tub/ barrel).

(Roman), a quality we imperfectly translate "virtue“ - strength to overcome one's thoughts, feelings, and the circumstances of one's life

Cynics disregarded social conventions and appearance, making them pariahs: What would have shamed their contemporaries did not shame the Cynics.