Evolution: Artificial Selection презентация

animals using the methods of breeding.
Success Criteria
Define hybrid, inbreeding and outbreeding
Identify two plants and explain how they have been bred to increase certain traits (mustard plant – cauliflower – flowers, and stems celery)
Identify two animals and explain how they have been bred to increase certain traits (cow – milk, meat)

to mate, this can cause a decrease in frequency of allele in a population.

Random
Mating

Non- Random
Mating

-Only certain individual organisms can mate
gene pool is small due to these organisms producing more offspring with only their genes
evolutionary effects
-less alleles in a population gene pool
-less chance for evolutionary change
-more chance of extinction

offspring
increases the heterozygous alleles
two different species are involved
Alleles of offspring are much different that their parents
Less probability of genetic mutations
Post-zygotic hybrid problems

Inbreeding
is the crossing of two closely related parents (genetically the same), or close relatives, who share very similar alleles.
increases the amount of homozygous alleles.
One species involved
Alleles of offspring are very similar to parents
High probability of genetic mutations

Outbreeding
is the crossing of two parents that are not related and have very different alleles.
increases the amount of heterozygous alleles.
One species involved
Alleles of offspring are very different to parents
Low probability of genetic mutations

Breed the choices together
3. Choose offspring with ideal characteristics to mate
Repeat for many generations
The allelic frequency for the characteristic increases.
6. Decide what type of selection is occurring in the population
Selective, Directional, Disruptive

have no seeds. All bananas are CLONES! Low genetic variation less success…..

In contrast to natural selection artificial selection is intentional breeding or organisms for certain favorable traits, or combination of traits.

arvensis


HOW?

Selection

In contrast to natural selection this is the
intentional breeding or organisms for certain favorable traits, or ombination of traits.

Broccoli: Flower development is suppressed

Cauliflower: flowers are sterile

Cabbage: selection for the terminal bud (head only forms)

Kale: selection is for leaves only

Undomesticated
banana-lots of seeds compared
to artificially
selected with little to no seeds

selection

the muscle tissue. Calves are so big that Caesarian births are standard.

improvement that the cow would be ‘selected’ for if released into the wild?
Reproductive success?

and explain how they have been bred to increase certain traits (mustard plant , corn)

3. Identify two animals and explain how they have been bred to increase certain traits (cow – milk, meat)

Explore ways to improve agricultural plants and animals using the methods of breeding

Criteria
√ Name the trait that was selected.
√ Tell why the trait was selected
√ Clear use of terminology explaining the mechanism.
√ Picture of before artificial selection and after artificial selection.
√ Work shows understanding of differences between the two types of artificial selection.

You are investigating inbreeding and hybrids as method of artificial selection, not genetic engineering or Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)