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Modern Scientific and Technical Communication презентация
Содержание
- 1. Modern Scientific and Technical Communication
- 2. Structure of the Course Oral scientific
- 3. What is your motivation to attend
- 4. Oral vs. written communication Aims: to
- 5. Oral scientific and technical communication
- 6. Presentation is like a sweet
- 7. 2. Form of
- 8. Contents of the speech Deep ideas
- 10. Form of the presentation Physical aspect:
- 11. Form of the presentation Psychological aspect:
- 12. Form of the presentation Language aspect:
- 13. Form of the presentation Visual
- 14. Speech anxiety (stage fright) speaker–audience opposition
- 15. Ways of relaxation breath exercises physical exercises
- 16. Breath is the key to life
- 17. Breath exercises Ex. 1 As
- 18. Breath exercises Ex. 2 Inhale
- 19. Breath exercises Ex. 3 Place a
- 20. Breath exercises Ex. 4 Sit down
- 21. Breath exercises Ex. 5 Inhale
- 22. Muscular relaxation Ex. 1 This
- 23. Muscular relaxation Ex. 2 Adopt
- 24. Contents of the speech
- 25. Know your audience Who are these
- 27. The Pyramid Principle Multilevel system (the
- 30. Gandapas structure of the presentation Introduction
- 31. Minto model + Gandapas model =
- 32. vk.com/communication_2017
- 33. Credit Requirements 12 ninety-minute lessons attended
- 34. Introduction Self-presentation Structure of the presentation
- 35. Conclusion Summary of the presentation Prospects
- 36. Logical Aspect of Presentation
- 38. Logos appeal to logical reasoning
- 39. Logos facts case studies statistics experiments logical reasoning analogies
- 40. Pathos appeal to beliefs and feelings
- 41. Ethos the speaker’s character, credibility, and authority
- 42. Ethos trustworthiness expert testimony reliable sources fairness
- 45. Argument Structure A premise (or premiss) of
- 46. Premises There may be two or more
- 47. Types of Logical Proofs Argument from sign
- 48. Argument from Sign Certain e.g.
- 49. Argument from Induction A large percentage of
- 50. Argument from Cause Children
- 51. Argument from Deduction Teachers want students
- 52. Argument from Analogy e.g., if
- 53. Argument from Definition The interpretation
- 54. Argument from Statistics The USA
- 55. Types of Proof Connected with Ethos and
- 56. Toulmin’s Argument Model Claim Grounds (data)
- 57. Toulmin’s Argument Model Claim You should
- 59. Home task Be ready to show
Слайд 2Structure of the Course
Oral scientific and technical communication
Written scientific and technical
communication
Слайд 3
What is your motivation to attend these lessons?
Have you ever had
any experience in written/oral scientific/technical communication?
If yes, tell us a little bit about it.
If yes, tell us a little bit about it.
Слайд 4Oral vs. written communication
Aims: to inform or persuade?
Style: formal or semi-formal?
Structure?
Слайд 10Form of the presentation
Physical aspect:
muscular relaxation
breath
body language (gestures, postures, and movement)
articulation
Слайд 11Form of the presentation
Psychological aspect:
anxiety management
making contact with the audience
appropriate answers
to the questions
Слайд 12Form of the presentation
Language aspect:
correct use of grammar structures, words and
expressions, correct pronunciation etc.
rhetorical techniques
rhetorical techniques
Слайд 14Speech anxiety (stage fright)
speaker–audience opposition
fear of rejection
excitement
paralyzing fear
Слайд 17Breath exercises
Ex. 1
As you inhale, draw your shoulders and elbows back.
Hold your breath for 2 sec., then exhale abruptly.
Слайд 18Breath exercises
Ex. 2
Inhale energetically for 4 sec., straining all your muscles.
Then exhale and relax all the muscles for 4-6 sec.
Слайд 19Breath exercises
Ex. 3
Place a hand on your lower belly. Inhale deeply
into your lower belly. Feel the hand rising as your belly fills. Don’t let your chest and shoulders rise.
Слайд 20Breath exercises
Ex. 4
Sit down on a chair and bend over so
that your body would lie on your laps. Inhale slowly – your body will rise; exhale pronouncing “pf-f-f”.
Слайд 21Breath exercises
Ex. 5
Inhale into your lower belly. Puff out your cheeks.
Blow the air out of your cheeks through the narrow hole in your mouth. Do it slowly and with noise.
Слайд 22Muscular relaxation
Ex. 1
This exercise can be done in standing, lying or
sitting position. Strain every muscle of your body for 5 sec. Then relax completely for the next 5 sec.
Слайд 23Muscular relaxation
Ex. 2
Adopt an uncomfortable pose. Try to feel the place
where there is a painful point in your body. Use only your mind to relax this muscle without changing your position.
Слайд 25Know your audience
Who are these people?
What do they expect from
your presentation?
What do they already know?
What don’t they know yet?
What information will be useful for them? What information will be redundant?
What do they already know?
What don’t they know yet?
What information will be useful for them? What information will be redundant?
Слайд 27The Pyramid Principle
Multilevel system (the lower the level, the more details
it has)
Executive summary as the peak of the pyramid
Supporting arguments
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Executive summary as the peak of the pyramid
Supporting arguments
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Слайд 33Credit Requirements
12 ninety-minute lessons attended
1 prepared presentation
1 text written at home
Слайд 34Introduction
Self-presentation
Structure of the presentation
Question(s)
Joke
Interesting fact connected with the topic
Story connected with
the topic
Expression of feelings
Compliment to the audience
Using of “in-group/out-group” principle
Expression of feelings
Compliment to the audience
Using of “in-group/out-group” principle
Слайд 35Conclusion
Summary of the presentation
Prospects
Question(s)
Joke
Story connected with the topic
Expression of feelings
Compliment
to the audience
Using of “in-group/out-group” principle
Aphorism
Appeal
Using of “in-group/out-group” principle
Aphorism
Appeal
Слайд 38Logos
appeal to logical reasoning ability of speakers, the message by which
you attempt to reason with your audience
Слайд 45Argument Structure
A premise (or premiss) of an argument is something that
is put forward as a truth, but which is not proven.
A conclusion (or claim) is the statement with which you want the other person to agree.
Inferences are further statements between the conclusion and the premises which translate the premises into the conclusion.
A conclusion (or claim) is the statement with which you want the other person to agree.
Inferences are further statements between the conclusion and the premises which translate the premises into the conclusion.
Слайд 46Premises
There may be two or more premises in any argument.
If you
are making an argument, you should be ready to defend any of your own premises.
If you want to attack another person's argument, you can challenge the truth of their premises.
If you want to attack another person's argument, you can challenge the truth of their premises.
Слайд 47Types of Logical Proofs
Argument from sign
Argument from induction
Argument from cause
Argument from
deduction
Argument from historical, literal, or figurative analogy
Argument from definition
Argument from statistics
Argument from historical, literal, or figurative analogy
Argument from definition
Argument from statistics
Слайд 48Argument from Sign
Certain
e.g. Fever is a sign of illness.
Probable
e.g. The growing problem of obesity in America is a sign that a growing number of Americans are eating high calorie diets ...
Слайд 49Argument from Induction
A large percentage of home schooled children perform above
national averages on standardized tests.
Home schooled children receive a superior education.
Home schooled children receive a superior education.
Слайд 51Argument from Deduction
Teachers want students to succeed in their studies.
Mary
is a teacher.
She wants you to succeed in this class.
She wants you to succeed in this class.
Слайд 52Argument from Analogy
e.g., if we use a comparison between Stalin and
Putin to analyze current events or predict future events in Russia
Слайд 53Argument from Definition
The interpretation of what constitutes “life” will have a
significant bearing on the treatment of embryos for the purposes of stem cell research.
Слайд 54Argument from Statistics
The USA should end draft registration because it costs
$27.5 million dollars per year.
Слайд 55Types of Proof Connected with Ethos and Pathos
Argument from Authority
CLAIM: California
will have an earthquake.
SUPPORT: Professors and scientists say so.
Motivational Proofs
CLAIM: You should support this candidate.
SUPPORT: This candidate can help you get job security and safe neighborhoods.
Value proofs
CLAIM: The curriculum should be multicultural.
SUPPORT: A multicultural curriculum will contribute to equality and acceptance.
SUPPORT: Professors and scientists say so.
Motivational Proofs
CLAIM: You should support this candidate.
SUPPORT: This candidate can help you get job security and safe neighborhoods.
Value proofs
CLAIM: The curriculum should be multicultural.
SUPPORT: A multicultural curriculum will contribute to equality and acceptance.
Слайд 57Toulmin’s Argument Model
Claim
You should use a hearing aid.
Grounds (data)
Over 70% of
all people over 65 years have a hearing difficulty.
Warrant
A hearing aid helps most people to hear better.
Backing
Hearing aids are available locally.
Qualifier
Hearing aids help most people.
Rebuttal
There is a support desk that deals with technical problems.
Warrant
A hearing aid helps most people to hear better.
Backing
Hearing aids are available locally.
Qualifier
Hearing aids help most people.
Rebuttal
There is a support desk that deals with technical problems.
Слайд 59 Home task
Be ready to show breath/muscular relaxation exercises.
(For 5 students):
make a presentation to win a grant for your research.
