Superorganism
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How to Train Your Superorganism презентация
Содержание
- 1. How to Train Your Superorganism
- 2. Question? Allergies (food/ asthma/rhinitis/dermatitis) Cancer Obesity Diabetes
- 3. Already the Number #1 Cause of
- 4. Outline How I found my Superorganism
- 5. How I Found My Superorganism
- 6. Scientific Challenge If you could pick ONE
- 7. My Answer (upon waking from a dream)
- 8. The Completed Self: An Immunological View of
- 9. Self-Completion - The Completed Self Host-specific,
- 10. 2014 documentary film Wellcome Trust screening – Jan. 30, 2015
- 11. Note: the brief Microbirth film clips were excluded from this slide set.
- 12. What I Learned From My Superorganism
- 13. The Complete Human: Three Domains of Life
- 14. Archaea – also in your gut
- 15. Earlier Microbial Partners Lynn Marguluis, famed biologist
- 16. Our Microbiome Produces a “Fingerprint” of Volatile
- 17. Microbial Dysbiosis and Impending C. Difficile Outbreaks
- 18. Who are you really? and…. How (healthy) are you?
- 19. Microbiota are seen as an “Integral Organ”
- 20. Effective Microbiome-Mediated Immune Maturation Ineffective Microbiome-Mediated
- 21. Brain – Who’s Running the Show?
- 22. Misregulated Inflammation is A feature of
- 23. From: Dietert, DeWitt, Germolec and
- 24. Diabetes, Obesity, Colitis, Asthma, Celiac disease Diabetes,
- 25. Is it safe? The New “Organism” for Safety
- 26. Environmental chemicals and drugs reported to affect
- 27. The Microbiome Filters Virtually All Exposures and
- 28. How I Trained My Superorganism (and you can too)
- 29. My Personal Superorganism Later-Life Training Problem:
- 30. Alexander Fleming’s Microbial Art Notice the bottle
- 31. Da Vinci in Microbes http://www.wired.com/2012/09/bacteriogoraphy/?pid=3733 Zachary Copfer,
- 32. Microbial Tree of Life From: http://www.microbialart.com/
- 33. Three Take-Home Points Failure to self-complete in
- 34. Links to some open-access papers (you can
- 35. Acknowledgements Dr. Ellen Silbergeld, Johns Hopkins School
- 36. Thank You! Discussion …….and Yoghurt Thanks to Ithaca Water Buffalo
- 37. Ithaca Water Buffalo
Question? Allergies (food/ asthma/rhinitis/dermatitis) Cancer Obesity Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Arthritis Autism spectrum ADD/ADHD Celiac disease IBD (Crohn’s, UC) Lupus Autoimmune thyroiditis Depression Osteoporosis Frailty Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s
Слайд 1artwork by Scott Draves (www.electricsheep.org)
Rodney Dietert, Professor
Cornell University
rrd1@cornell.edu
How to Train Your
Слайд 2Question?
Allergies (food/ asthma/rhinitis/dermatitis)
Cancer
Obesity
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Arthritis
Autism spectrum
ADD/ADHD
Celiac disease
IBD (Crohn’s, UC)
Lupus
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Depression
Osteoporosis
Frailty
Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Hypertension
Sleep
disorders
PCOS
COPD
Chronic kidney disease
Psoriasis
Multiple sclerosis
PCOS
COPD
Chronic kidney disease
Psoriasis
Multiple sclerosis
Слайд 3
Already the Number #1 Cause of Mortality Worldwide (63%)*
Dramatically Impacts Both
Productivity and Quality of Life
Estimated to Cost 48% of Global GDPs by 2030*
Most Chronic Diseases are Increasing in Prevalence
45.3% of all US adults age 65 and above have two or more chronic diseases: a 20% increase from the previous decade.*
*Joint 2011 report: Harvard School of Public Health and World Economic Forum
and NCHS Data Brief Number 100, July 2012
Estimated to Cost 48% of Global GDPs by 2030*
Most Chronic Diseases are Increasing in Prevalence
45.3% of all US adults age 65 and above have two or more chronic diseases: a 20% increase from the previous decade.*
*Joint 2011 report: Harvard School of Public Health and World Economic Forum
and NCHS Data Brief Number 100, July 2012
Noncommunicable Diseases and Conditions (NCDs)
are the Greatest Threat to Sustainable Healthcare
Слайд 4Outline
How I found my Superorganism
2. What I learned from my Superorganism
3.
How I trained my Superorganism (and you can too)
Слайд 6Scientific Challenge
If you could pick ONE sign that best
distinguishes a
lifetime of health
from one filled with disease
……what would that be????
from one filled with disease
……what would that be????
[Challenge was issued for an invited paper for a
special issue of the physics journal ENTROPY]
Слайд 8The Completed Self: An Immunological View of the Human-Microbiome Superorganism and
Risk of Chronic Diseases
Entropy 2012, 14 (11), 2036-2065
R Dietert, J Dietert
Слайд 9Self-Completion - The Completed Self
Host-specific,
Family-sourced microbiota
Self
Completion
See: Dietert and Dietert,
Entropy 14(11), 2036-2065, 2012 and
Dietert, Birth Defects Research Part B. 101(4): 333-340, 2014
Dietert, Birth Defects Research Part B. 101(4): 333-340, 2014
Слайд 13The Complete Human: Three Domains of Life
Eukaryota
Archaea
Bacteria
Majority-
Microbial
Humans
(based on cell
and
gene
numbers)
numbers)
Domains of Life
Genomes
First
~ 25,000 genes
Approximately
90% microbial
by cell number
Second
~ 10 million genes
Superorganism
Mammalian
Microbial
Eukaryotes
Слайд 15Earlier Microbial Partners
Lynn Marguluis, famed biologist (former spouse of Carl Sagan),
published her endosymbiosis theory in 1967concerning the bacterial
origins of both mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Crisp et al. Genome Biology 2015, 16:50
New examples of horizontally transferred genes were recently identified in humans.
Apparently, our second genome can become part of our first genome.
Слайд 16Our Microbiome Produces a “Fingerprint”
of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Arasaradnam et al.
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 16;9(10):e107312.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine can be used to differentiate celiac disease from irritable bowel syndrome based on distinctive microbiome-produced metabolites.
Bezerra de Araujo Filho et al. Archaea. 2014 Oct 13;2014:576249.
Children living near a sanitary landfill had elevated breath
methane correlated with elevated methane producing Archaea
in the gut microbiome (unrelated to socio economic status).
Слайд 17Microbial Dysbiosis and Impending C. Difficile Outbreaks
See: Bomers et al. A
detection dog to identify patients with Clostridium difficile infection during a hospital outbreak. J Infect. 2014 Nov;69(5):456-61.
Cliff, the original C. Difficile detection dog
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2247688/Meet-Cliff-remarkable-super-sniffing-dog-detects-hospital-superbugs.html
Слайд 19Microbiota are seen as an “Integral Organ” If they are missing, it
analogous to
a form of birth defect.
Ramifications of Self Incompleteness
e.g., Clarke et el.,
Minireview: Gut microbiota: the neglected endocrine organ.
Mol Endocrinol. 2014 Aug;28(8):1221-38.
Brown JM, Hazen SL. The gut microbial endocrine organ:
bacterially derived signals driving cardiometabolic diseases.
Annu Rev Med. 2015 Jan 14;66:343-59.
Evans et al. The gut microbiome: the role of a virtual organ in
the endocrinology of the host.
J Endocrinol. 2013 Aug 28;218(3):R37-47.
Слайд 20Effective Microbiome-Mediated
Immune Maturation
Ineffective Microbiome-Mediated
Immune Maturation
Managing the Human Ecosystem
for Effective
Immune Maturation and Tolerance
Слайд 21Brain – Who’s Running the Show?
Food
preferences
and cravings
Neurobehavior
Kin recognition
Mating behavior
See:
Lize et
al.,
Trends Ecol Evol.
2013 Jun;28(6):325-6;
Alcock et al.
Bioessays
36(10):
940-949
2014;
Trends Ecol Evol.
2013 Jun;28(6):325-6;
Alcock et al.
Bioessays
36(10):
940-949
2014;
Слайд 22Misregulated Inflammation
is
A feature of gut microbial dysbiosis
A tie that
binds non-communicable diseases and conditions (NCDs) together
Слайд 23
From: Dietert, DeWitt, Germolec and Zelikoff , Environ. Health Perspect.
118:1091-9, 2010
Non-Communicable Diseases Cluster Together
Слайд 24Diabetes, Obesity,
Colitis, Asthma,
Celiac disease
Diabetes, Obesity
Colitis,
Asthma,
Celiac disease
microbiome
adjustment
as part of
adult
disease
management
microbiome
adjustment for pregnancy
and to optimize
microbiome seeding
microbiome seeding
Birth:
Vaginal
vs.
Cesarean
healthy
microbiome
seeding
plan
feeding
the
microbiota
for optimized
immune and microbial
co-maturation
Risk of
future
generations
for
various
immune
dysfunction-
promoted
NCDs
Perinatal Period
Слайд 26Environmental chemicals and drugs reported to affect the gut microbiome (Note added:
In contrast with antibiotics, Vitamin D is on the list because it affects, but does not necessarily “harm,” the microbiome. Many people are, in fact, deficient in Vitamin D. In the Ooi et al. paper listed below, it shifts the microbiome to increase protection AGAINST colitis)
Heavy metals (e.g., cadmium, lead, arsenic)
Other metals (iron, selenium, zinc)
PCBs (Choi et al., EHP 2013)
Particulate matter (PM10) (Kish et al. PloS One 2013)
Chlopyrifos (Joly et al, ESPRI, 2013)
High fat diet (Myles et al. Plos One 2014)
Valproate (de Theije et al. Brain Behav Immun 2013)
Antibiotics (Ng et al., Nature 2013)
Vitamin D (Ooi et al., J.Nutr 2013)
Слайд 27The Microbiome Filters Virtually All Exposures
and Directly Participates in Epigenetic Alterations
Proposed
New Environmental Health Assessment Model
Adapted from: Dietert and Silbergeld, Toxicol. Sci. in press, April 2015 print issue
Microbiome
Слайд 29My Personal Superorganism
Later-Life Training
Problem:
30 years of multiple rounds of
antibiotics.
each year.
Solution: Adjusted my microbiome, adjusted what I fed it.
Best year for my health in at least 30 years.
each year.
Solution: Adjusted my microbiome, adjusted what I fed it.
Best year for my health in at least 30 years.
Qualifications: I am not a MD. This is my personal
story and it is not intended to be nor is it
medical advice.
Слайд 30Alexander Fleming’s Microbial Art
Notice the bottle feeding – probably not with
breast milk
Image via:
The Alexander
Fleming
Laboratory
Museum
and
Smithsonian
exhibition
Слайд 31Da Vinci in Microbes
http://www.wired.com/2012/09/bacteriogoraphy/?pid=3733
Zachary Copfer,
microbiologist
and photographer.
He microbially
“grows”
the photographic
images.
Слайд 32Microbial Tree of Life
From: http://www.microbialart.com/
Credits to:
Dr. T. Ryan Gregory (Canada),
Dr. Simon Park (United Kingdom), and Dr. Niall Hamilton (New Zealand).
Слайд 33Three Take-Home Points
Failure to self-complete in the newborn may be the
single greatest health risk across a lifetime. We need microbiome seeding on every birth plan and active management of our “second genome” (i.e., seed, feed, protect).
The immune system and the microbiome need to co-mature in a narrow window of development or persistent immune dysfunction and elevated risk of NCDs are likely.
Safety needs to be based on the whole human. It is the superorganism that needs protection.
The immune system and the microbiome need to co-mature in a narrow window of development or persistent immune dysfunction and elevated risk of NCDs are likely.
Safety needs to be based on the whole human. It is the superorganism that needs protection.
Слайд 34Links to some open-access papers
(you can download the papers for free)
http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/11/2036
Original
Completed Self paper (2012):
The microbiome and sustainable healthcare (2015)
http://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/3/1/100
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/amed/2014/867805/
Programming of the immune system for non-communicable diseases (2014)
http://microbirth.com/
Microbirth movie site: Note for all Cornell people,
the movie is freely-available for streaming from Kanopy via the Cornell Library site.
http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/118/8/ehp.1001971.pdf
Clusters of non-communicable diseases (free PDF)
Слайд 35Acknowledgements
Dr. Ellen Silbergeld, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health
co-author and co-developer
of the new environmental health model
Janice Dietert, Performance Plus Consulting,
co-author and editor
Janice Dietert, Performance Plus Consulting,
co-author and editor
Слайд 37
Ithaca Water Buffalo
Ithaca Water Buffalo maintains a herd of 100 female
animals.
Water Buffalo produce about 2 gallons of milk a day.
Milk is heated and pasteurized (170˚ F for 30 min)
Milk is cooled to 100˚F
Yogurt Culture is added
Cultured Milk is placed in the cup
Milk is incubated ay 100˚F for ~ 12 h
“Probiotic” Bacteria ferment the milk sugar (lactose) into acid (lactic acid)
Yogurt is blast chilled to 36˚ F to “set” the solid
Yogurt is boxed and shipped to the store
Water Buffalo produce about 2 gallons of milk a day.
Milk is heated and pasteurized (170˚ F for 30 min)
Milk is cooled to 100˚F
Yogurt Culture is added
Cultured Milk is placed in the cup
Milk is incubated ay 100˚F for ~ 12 h
“Probiotic” Bacteria ferment the milk sugar (lactose) into acid (lactic acid)
Yogurt is blast chilled to 36˚ F to “set” the solid
Yogurt is boxed and shipped to the store
