An Introduction to Modernism in Literature презентация

Содержание

Who???? James Joyce T.S. Eliot Virginia Woolf D.H. Lawrence Samuel Beckett Ezra Pound Gertrude Stein Katherine Mansfield

Слайд 1 An Introduction to Modernism in Literature

Слайд 2Who????
James Joyce
T.S. Eliot
Virginia Woolf
D.H. Lawrence
Samuel Beckett


Ezra

Pound
Gertrude Stein
Katherine Mansfield

Слайд 3Characteristics of Modernism in Literature
doesn’t usually make sense
different perspectives
nonlinearity of

plot or sequence of things – unexpected plots, puzzle
irony and satire (verbal irony, situational irony, dramatic irony ) - mismatch
voices and the idea of stream of consciousness
allusions

Слайд 5James Joyce
Irish author
the oldest of 10 surviving children
boarding school,
local

school, college in Dublin,
heads off to Paris, medical school,
Mother is dying - comes home, stays in Dublin, starts to work on Portrait
in 1904, on June he meets his future wife Nora Barnacle

Слайд 6James Joyce
a short-story collection  Dubliners (1914)
Portrait of the Artist as a

Young Man 1916
starts working on Ulysses, which starts getting published serially - in installments (1918)
Ulysses gets published in its final book form in 1922
Finnegans Wake 1939

Слайд 7James Joyce
had long-lasting impact in literature
particularly famous for starting the

technique known as stream of consciousness

Слайд 8 Ulysses:
a quarter after what an unearthly hour I suppose theyre just

getting up in China now combing out their pigtails for the day well soon have the nuns ringing the angelus theyve nobody coming in to spoil their sleep except an odd priest or two for his night office or the alarmlock next door at cockshout clattering the brain out of itself let me see if I can doze off 1 2 3 4 5 what kind of flowers are those they invented like the stars the wallpaper in Lombard street was much nicer the apron he gave me was like that something only I only wore it twice better lower this lamp and try again so that I can get up early

Слайд 9Finnegans Wake
experimental & unreadable !!!
lots of words from foreign languages


'riverrun, past Eve and Adam's, from swerve of shore to bend of bay, brings us by a commodious vicus of recirculation back to Howth Castle and Environs.'
And the end of the book: 'End here. Us then. Finn, again! Take. Bussoftlhee, mememormee! Till thousandsthee. Lps. The keys to. Given! A way a lone a last a long the riverrun, past Eve and Adam's, from swerve of shore to bend of bay, brings us by a commodious vicus of recirculation back to Howth Castle and Environs.'

Слайд 10Dubliners - 1914
a short-story collection (15 stories) about people living in

Dublin:
3 – about childhood,
4 – adolescence,
4 – mature life,
3 – public life,
The Dead – summary
JJ intended these short stories to be “a chapter in the moral history of Ireland”
JJ recreated the short story, moving its action & focus from external to internal events
the most famous stories - 'Araby' and 'The Dead.'

Слайд 11epiphany
(comes from the Christian church year commemorating the visit of

the Wise Man – January 6);
an experience of sudden and striking realization
indicates a sudden revelation or discovery, usually unexpected, that allows the protagonist or reader to see smth in a new way

Слайд 12Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Bildungsroman
novel of formation, novel

of education, or coming-of-age story,
a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood and in which, therefore, character change is extremely important
Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Слайд 13Semi-autobiographical novel
Stephen Dedalus - an alter-ego of young Joyce

abandons the

idea that he needs to be strictly realistic. He starts to get a little more interested in representing Stephen's consciousness

Слайд 14Part I
Childhood
this very young child stage is represented in language
Once upon

a time and a very good time it was there was a moocow coming down along the road and this moocow that was coming down along the road met a nicens little boy named baby tuckoo.

Слайд 15Part II
Sexual Awakening - his first sexual experience with a prostitute
Part

III
Religious Torment - Stephen going in for a confession
Part IV
Discipline – not indulging in pleasures - to be a priest? - thinks about his name and his father - his destiny as an artist
Part V
University - the diary - a dedication to his father
 Old father, old artificer, stand me forever in good stead

Слайд 16Ulysses
June 16th
Stephen Dedalus - in Dublin, working as a schoolteacher
Chapter

4 - Leopold Bloom 'Mr. Leopold Bloom ate with relish the inner organs of beasts and fowls.'

Слайд 18T.S. Eliot
American, born in St. Louis, went to Harvard, spent some

time in Boston
become a British citizen later on in life
lived in London from 1914 onward

Слайд 20Major Works
The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock, 1915 - a

meditative monologue presumably of J. Alfred Prufrock
1919 - critical essays 'Tradition in the Individual Talent' - a controversial claim that poetry needs to be impersonal. You need to be able to interpret it without knowing anything about the author and his circumstances.
'The Waste Land.' 1922 - the most famous work of Modernism
'The Hollow Men,' a follow-up to 'The Waste Land.' 1925

Слайд 21in 1927 he converts to Anglicanism - his poetry and his

plays after that start to be more religiously focused
a poem 'Ash Wednesday,' 1930
a play 'Murder in the Cathedral,' 1935
final masterpiece 'Four Quartets,' published from 1936 through 1942 - four poems 'Burnt Norton,' 'East Coker,' 'The Dry Salvages' and 'Little Gidding.'

Слайд 22culmination of his career - the Nobel Prize in Literature in

1948
In 1957, he's 68, gets married to his 32-year-old secretary, Esme Valerie Fletcher
He dies in 1965
'Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats' got turned into the Andrew Lloyd Weber musical 'Cats.'

Слайд 23The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, 1915
first big break

poem
American poem (Boston?)
theme of being old
Plot - What happens in this poem is we follow around the speaker or narrator as he wanders around town. He also wanders through his memories.
a non-linear plot; just his thoughts as he goes
describe unremarkable life
Allusions
mood and tone of regret

Слайд 24Let us go then, you and I,
When the evening is spread

out against the sky
Like a patient etherized upon a table;
Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,
The muttering retreats
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells

Слайд 25Style
this poem is written in free verse, it doesn't have any set

length or set rhyme scheme.
has half-rhymes and internal rhymes even though there's no real structure

And time yet for a hundred indecisions,
And for a hundred visions and revisions,
Before the taking of a toast and tea

Слайд 27SAMUEL BECKETT
the latter end of Modernism and right up into

Postmodernism
the pioneer and genius of theater of the absurd
born in Dublin in 1906 on Friday the 13th (Good Friday)
a disciple, secretary, & friend of James Joyce (helped him research and transcribe Finnegan's Wake)
started out writing prose (Murphy in 1938, later - trilogy: Molloy, Malone Dies and The Unnameable )
a hero of the French Resistance during World War II

Слайд 28SAMUEL BECKETT
When World II ends, 1) he starts writing in French,

2) he makes a conscious decision that he's going to be way more minimalist and weird than he was prior to World War II. He makes this conscious decision to not be like Joyce.

Theater of the Absurd in the 50s and 60s in theater, a bizarre form of minimalism, bizarre characters and situations with usually fairly minimal sets.
It is largely a blank stage; there's basically just a tree and a mound of dirt.

Слайд 31 The theatre of the Absurd /50’s
Influence of Camus and Sartre (existentialism)
After

2 world wars, in a world with no religion, with no belief - Man is lost
pessimistic view of man’s existence - man is lost and senseless, absurd, useless.
no purpose at all in man’s life, totally absurd
The absurdity of human conditions is the main theme of the plays and the dramatists express that life has no significance and that no activity is more or less valuable than another.
A BIG existential question - WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF HUMAN EXISTENCE?

Слайд 33
Happy Days premieres in 1961 (the characters Winnie and Willie. Winnie

is buried in the ground and Willie is asleep)

bizarre setups, meant to be showcases for random, weird dialogues between people that dance around the question of meaninglessness and whether there's meaning in things.

Слайд 36Waiting for Godot, 1953
First written in French and performed in

Paris En Attendant Godot (1953) (written in a foreign language to maintain the language as simple and detached as possible)

Then translated (by Beckett himself) into English (1954) and performed in London Waiting for Godot (1955)


Слайд 37Waiting for Godot, 1953
The British Royal National Theater took a

poll on which English language play is the most significant of the 20th Century- Waiting for Godot!!

two tramps, Estragon and Vladimir (Didi, Gogo)
no purpose or reason for their existence; they are in an absurd universe
Beckett creates a world in which there is no heroism, no society, no superhuman agency. We are all stateless tramps, on a road to nowhere.
impact that Waiting for Godot had on English theater and culture in the mid-1950s !!!!!!!!

Слайд 38
General situation of B’s plays:

All of his characters ARE TRAPPED

by a situation from which they can not escape (buried in earth, in dustbins)

Слайд 39It is pervaded by a grotesque humour (irony about everything because

everything is equally meaningless)

It may be considered a Tragi-comedy
Tragedy= they would like to commit suicide to put an end to their absurd, desperate situation
Comedy= There is no tragic end, they fail, they cannot escape their existential situation
Its tone is tragic and desperate.


STYLE

Слайд 40The new era in theater began precisely on the evening of

May 11, 1956, in a small West End theater.
On that night, Look Back in Anger, written by John Osborne, was first performed, turning point in postwar British theatre.
The work is noted for two artistic forces - anger and absurdity.

Слайд 42John Osborne
Born on December 12, 1929, in London
a boarding school education

at Belmont College in Devon.
He returned to London, became involved in the theatre when he took a job tutoring a touring company of young actors.
Osborne went on to serve as actor-manager for a string of repertory companies and soon decided to try his hand at playwriting

Слайд 43 AYM
leading member of a movement called AYM, who were disgusted with

the British class system

(The nation was about to embark on a colonial war against Egypt to retain ownership of the Suez Canal that would result, in October 1956, in humiliation. The great empire would be blown away by what Prime Minister Harold Macmillan called “the winds of change.”) 

Слайд 44Angry Young Man
term applied to a group of English writers of

the 1950s whose heroes share certain rebellious and critical attitudes toward society.
became current with the production of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956).
playwrights - John Osborne and Arnold Wesker
the novelists - Kingsley Amis, John Braine, John Wain, and Alan Sillitoe.

Слайд 45
Colin Wilson: The Outsider;
Kingsley Amis: Lucky Jim;
Allan Sillitoe: Loneliness of the

Long Distance Runner
Stan Barstow: A Kind of Loving
David Storey: This Sporting Life
Keith Waterhouse

Слайд 46The features
fiercely critical of the established order
working class families, lower, middle

families
frustration of the younger generation who rejected their parents’ middle class values and wanted to expose their unfair situation
write about ugliness and sordidness of life and expose the hypocrisy of the genteel class
Written in ordinary, sometimes dirty language, direct/real language of the working class

Слайд 47Look Back in Anger
Osborne's protagonist, Jimmy Porter, captured the

angry and rebellious nature of the postwar generation, a dispossessed lot who were clearly unhappy with things as they were in the decades following World War II. Jimmy Porter came to represent an entire generation of "angry young men."

Слайд 48anti-hero
working class origin
boorish rather than well behaved
rudely angry rather than angry
philistine

rather than arty
rise of a working class man into the upper middle class
hurdles of education, upbringing and accent

Слайд 50

JIMMY PORTER:
A tall, thin young man about 25.
A mixture of

sincerity and cheerful malice,
of tenderness and cruelty,
restless, importunate, full of pride,
a combination which
alienates the sensitive and the insensitive alike.

ALISON PORTER:
Tall, slim, delicate, with surprising reservation in her eyes

“I was wrong! I don’t want to be saint. I want to be a lost cause.
I want to be corrupt and futile“

Jim hates:

Sundays
Sunday ironing
Pretentionus editorials
Sycophantic, pusillanimous people

Jim loves:

?

Слайд 51Osborne: major plays and novels
The Entertainer, 1957 - comic Archie Rice;


Luther, 1961;
Inadmissible Evidence, 1964;
A Patriot for Me, 1965
Autobiography: A Better Class of Person.

Слайд 52Beckett and Osborne, absurdity and anger, created the biggest shock in

the British theater since George Bernard Shaw and opened the way for new talent.

Perhaps the greatest participant in this new, liberated theatrical era is Harold Pinter (b. 1930), a dramatist who artfully combines the energies of anger and absurdity.

Слайд 54Pinter’s breakthrough play was The Caretaker , set in a seedy

lodging house with three main characters, two brothers and an outsider, a tramp.

The dialogue in the play is reminiscent of Beckett, but Pinter also demonstrates a unique use of silence. Pinter’s art is found in implication, particularly the implications created in his silences. His is an art of the eloquently unsaid.

Слайд 56the wittiest dramatist to work on the British stage since Ben

Jonson
first major play was Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead , first performed in 1967
The action revolves, with dazzlingly clever dialogue and scenic paradox, around the most famous work of literature in the English language, Hamlet.

Слайд 57Thomas Dylan (1914-1953)

Слайд 58 Born in Wales in 1914.

A neurotic, sickly

child who shied away from school and preferred reading on his own; read all of D. H. Lawrence’s poetry, impressed by Lawrence’s descriptions of a vivid natural world.

His first book, Eighteen Poems, published when he was twenty.
Thomas did not sympathize with T. S. Eliot and W. H. Auden’s thematic concerns with social and intellectual issues, and his writing, with its intense lyricism and highly charged emotion, has more in common with the Romantic tradition.

Слайд 59first visited America in January 1950, at the age of thirty-five
His

reading tours of the US, which did much to popularize the poetry reading as new medium for the art, were famous and notorious
flamboyantly theatrical, a heavy drinker, engaged in roaring disputes in public, and read his work aloud with tremendous depth of feeling
He became a legendary figure, both for his work and the boisterousness of his life. Tragically, he died from alcoholism at the age of 39 after a particularly long drinking bout in New York City in 1953.

Слайд 60
Twenty-Five Poems (1936)
The Map of Love (1939)
Deathe and Entrances (1946)
Collected Poems

(1953)

Слайд 61“Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night”
The speaker might be

the author himself. The “speaker” of the poem is a really upset son, who is trying to tell his father to fight against death and never give up. The poem is a conversation or a monologue in which the speaker, who might be Thomas himself, communicates to us about his thoughts and feelings about death.

Слайд 62
The poet who currently carries the standard of British verse is

the Nobel Prize-winning Seamus Heaney (b.1939).
an early bestselling collection – North, which means, in the context of post-1969 British life, Northern Ireland.

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