Mathematical Induction презентация

Question 0. A continuous function f is defined on the interval [−1,1], and f 2(x) = x 2 for each x from the interval [−1,1]. How many functions like that

Слайд 1Calculus++ Light
Sudoku no more!


Слайд 2Question 0. A continuous function f is defined on the interval

[−1,1], and f 2(x) = x 2 for each x from the interval [−1,1].

How many functions like that exist?

Solution. The function f (x) = 0 only if x = 0.
At all other points either f (x) = x or f (x) = – x.
Since the function f is continuous, it obtains values of the same sign on each of the intervals [−1,0) and (0,1].
Therefore, there are exactly four possible cases:



Слайд 3Question 0+. A function f is defined on the interval [−1,1],

and f 2(x) = x 2 for each x from the interval [−1,1].

How many functions like that exist if it is known that x = ½ is the only point where f is not continuous?


Слайд 4Mathematical Induction
Let Sn, n = 1,2,3,… be statements involving positive integer

numbers n.
Suppose that
1. S1 is true.
2. If Sk is true, then Sk +1 is also true.

Then Sn is true for all positive integer numbers n.


Слайд 5Question 1. Using the Principle of Mathematical Induction show that
Solution. Step

1. The formula is correct in the

Step 2. Let as assume that the formula is

Our aim is to show, that in this case the formula is also correct for n = k + 1.

case n = 1, because

correct for n = k:

for any n = 1,2,3,….


Слайд 6Now, the principle of mathematical induction tells us that our formula

is correct for any n.

We have




Слайд 7 Answers to Questions from Light #3:
Functions and Limits
Question 2:
Question 4:
Question

3:

Question 6:

Question 5:

e) the open first quadrant

e) I and III

b) a nonconstant function

is positive for all x > 0


Слайд 8Calculus++
Also known as Hysterical Calculus


Слайд 9Question 1b. Using the Principle of Mathematical Induction show that
Solution. Step

1. The formula is correct in the

case n = 1, because

for any n = 1,2,3,….

And hence

Step 2. Let as assume that the formula is

correct for n = k:


Слайд 10Now, the principle of mathematical induction tells us that our formula

is correct for any n.

Our aim is to show, if our formula is correct for n = k, then it is also correct for n = k + 1.




Слайд 11Question 3a. Calculate the following sum
Solution. We have



Слайд 12Question 5. Using the formula for the derivative of inverse function

derive explicit formulae for the derivatives of arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x, and arccot x.

Solution. Using the formula

we obtain the following formula for the derivative of arcsin x:

The range of arcsin x is the interval

Therefore cos(arcsin x) is always non-negative.


Слайд 13Similar calculations yield the following formula for the derivative of arccot

x.

Hence


Слайд 14Question 6. Use the Cauchy criterion to show
converges.
Solution: It is sufficient

to show that the sequence xn is fundamental:

We have

that the sequence


Слайд 15Thus
we set
Therefore
Thus, the sequence xn is fundamental, and therefore it converges

to some limit L.

In fact,


Слайд 16Picture of the Week
All ICEF students are of the same height


Слайд 17Question 4. Let f (x) be a differentiable function such that

the derivative is a continuous function and f (f (x)) = x for any x. Furthermore, let f (0) = 1, and f (1) = 0.
a) Is it possible that there exists a number a such that

Solution: Differentiate the equation f (f (x)) = x to obtain

Therefore, there are no points a such that

because at a point like that


Слайд 18b) Is it possible that there exists a number a such

that

Solution: The Mean Value Theorem tells us that

Therefore, there are no points a such that

for some point c: 0 < c < 1.

otherwise there would be a point b somewhere between c and a such that


Слайд 19c) Let x1 be a solution of the equation f (x)

= x. Find

Solution: If f (x1) = x1, then


Слайд 20 Answers to Questions from Seminar 3.
Questions 1a:
Question 8a:
Question 8b:
Question 8c:
Questions 2a:
Questions

7: c) I and II only

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