Skin Care Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction Vivianne C. Beyer, MD Dermatology презентация

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Disclosures I have no conflicts of interest to declare

Слайд 1Skin Care Myths:
Separating Fact from Fiction

Vivianne C. Beyer, MD
Dermatology


Слайд 2


Слайд 3Disclosures
I have no conflicts of interest to declare


Слайд 4Objectives
Discuss common myths, misconceptions, old wives’ tales
Discuss the evidence that separates

fact from fiction
The following topics will be discussed:
Skin cancer and prevention
Tanning
Vitamin D controversies
Skin care and beauty tips
Acne myths

Слайд 5Your Skin: A Vital Organ
The largest organ
Regulates body temperature
Stores water and

fat
Is a sensory organ
Prevents water loss and entry of bacteria

It is essential to take care of this vital organ!




Слайд 6Myth # 1
Skin cancer only happens in older people


Слайд 7Fact:
Melanoma is the most common form of cancer in young

adults 25-29 years old
Second most common form of cancer for 15-29 year-olds

The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers, especially basal cell carcinoma, is rapidly rising in young adults






Source & photo: skincancer.org




Слайд 8Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in

the US
More than 3.5 million skin cancers are diagnosed annually 
There are more new cases of skin cancer each year than there are cancers of the breast, prostate, lung and colon combined

One in five Americans will develop skin cancer in the course of a lifetime  




Source: skincancer.org


Слайд 9Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of

skin cancer
Main risk factor is cumulative and intense bursts of sun exposure
About 2.8 million cases are diagnosed per year in the US 
Rarely metastasize but can be locally disfiguring/destructive


Photo: skincancer.org








Слайд 10Squamous Cell Carcinoma
The second most common form of skin cancer
Main risk

factor: cumulative UV exposure over the course of a lifetime
An estimated 700,000 cases of SCC are diagnosed each year in the US 
Look like open sores, wart-like nodules, scaly red patches
Have higher rate of metastasis than BCC (5%)


Слайд 11Melanoma
One person dies of melanoma every 57 minutes
About 76,000 cases

of invasive melanoma are diagnosed every year in the United States 

More than 9,000 people died of melanoma in 2013  
Melanoma accounts for less than five percent of skin cancer cases, but the vast majority of skin cancer deaths (75 percent)

1 in 50 men and women will be diagnosed with melanoma of the skin during their lifetime

Source: skincancer.org
  

Слайд 12Myth # 2
Indoor tanning does not increase your chance of developing

skin cancer







Photo: skincancer.org

Слайд 13Tanning
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a proven human carcinogen

One indoor UV tanning

session increases risk of developing :
squamous cell carcinoma by 67%
basal cell carcinoma by 29%
melanoma by 20%
 
76% of melanoma cases among 18-to-29-year-olds are due to tanning bed use

People who first use a tanning bed before age 35 increase their risk for melanoma by 75 percent 
  
Source: skincancer.org

Слайд 14“Whoa: Tanning beds cause more cancer than cigarettes!”

-Headline from msn.healthyliving.com


Слайд 15Results from a study published in JAMA Dermatology in January 2014:
Roughly

450,000 cases of skin cancer each year are due to indoor tanning
360,000 cases of lung cancer are secondary to smoking

In the US, 35% of adults and 55% of college students have tanned
On an average day, more than one million Americans use tanning salons







Wehner MR, Chren M, Nameth D, et al. International Prevalence of Indoor Tanning:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatology. 2014 Jan 19



Слайд 16Myth # 3
It is a good idea to get a “base

tan” before a sunny vacation

Слайд 17There is no “healthy” tan
Any tan is a sign of sun

damage
Base tan only offer SPF 3-4
Will not protect against burning








Photo: skincancer.org


Слайд 18UV radiation facts
UVA light penetrates deeper and causes photoaging (wrinkling, solar

lentigines, large pores, blood vessels)
Also contributes to development of skin cancer
Intensity is constant throughout the day
UVB light causes sunburn
Strongest from 10AM to 2PM
Tanning is induced by UVA (mostly) and UVB light



Source & photo: skincancer.org


Слайд 19Source: skincancer.org


Слайд 20Myth # 4
You don’t need sunscreen on a cloudy day


Слайд 21Don’t learn this the hard way!
Clear skies: 100% of UV light

reaches Earth’s surface
Scattered clouds: 89%
Broken clouds: 73%
Overcast: 31%

UVA light is not affected much by cloud cover
In addition, 50% of exposure to UVA occurs in the shade


Jansen R., Wang S., Burnett M. et al. Photoprotection: Part I.
Photoprotection by naturally occurring, physical, and systemic agents.
J Amer Acad Derm.69(6):853.e1-853.e12.2013 Dec.

Слайд 22Myth # 5
Sunscreen only needs to be reapplied after sweating or

swimming

Слайд 23Reapply!
Every 2 hours
After sweating, swimming, toweling off
Regardless of how high the

SPF is

Слайд 24How sunscreen works
Chemical sunscreens absorb UV rays before they affect the

skin

Physical sunscreens reflect UV light away from skin
zinc oxide and titanium dioxide







Photo: skincancer.org


Слайд 25Sunscreen Facts
SPF value refers only to protection gainst UVB (and small

amount UVA)
To achieve the full advertised SPF, must use 2 mg/cm2 (shot glass for entire body)
1 teaspoon for face/head/neck
1 teaspoon to each arm
2 teaspoons total to trunk
2 teaspoons to each leg
Most people only use 25-50% of required amount

Source: skincancer.org

Слайд 26Myth # 6
Using a higher SPF sunscreen means I can

stay out in the sun longer

Слайд 27Chart of Sunscreen Efficacy

An SPF 15 sunscreen blocks 93% of UVB

radiation
SPF 30 sunscreen blocks nearly 97%
 SPF 50 blocks 98%
No suncreen blocks 100% of UV rays

http://mycpss.com/sunscreen/spf-rating-system


Слайд 28Sunscreen Buying Tips
Look for broad spectrum (UVA/UVB protection)
For UVA protection, look

for one of the following ingredients: avobenzone, titanium dioxide, ecamsule, oxybenzone, and zinc oxide 
SPF 30
Water resistant
Do not use if past expiration date
Store in cool space

Source: AAD.org

Слайд 29aad.org


Слайд 30Myth # 7
Sunscreen causes Vitamin D deficiency


Слайд 31Facts about Vitamin D
Vitamin D is important for skeletal health
Current evidence

does not support its role in the prevention of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, heart disease and stroke
Institute of Medicine, 2010
There are 3 sources of Vitamin D:
Diet
Foods: fatty fish (salmon), cod liver oil, and fortified milk, cereal, and orange juice)
Supplements
UVB radiation

Source: skincancer.org


Слайд 32Vitamin D Controversy
Scientific evidence has NOT shown that sunscreen use prevents

adequate vitamin D production

Indoor tanning beds are primarily UVA, which does not increase Vitamin D production

Vitamin D production reaches its maximum after 5 minutes in summer midday sun

Source: aad.org, skincancer.org

Слайд 33Vitamin D
Studies have shown that people with sun-seeking behavior (Australian surfers)

still have suboptimal Vitamin D levels (under 50nmol/l)

There is a significant genetic influence on Vit. D levels







Photo: skincancer.org

Слайд 34Vitamin D Guidelines
400 International Units (IU) for infants under 12 months

old
600 IU for children and adults younger than 70
800 IU for those 70 and older





Source: AAD.org


Слайд 35Myth # 8
Sunscreens cause cancer


Слайд 36Do Sunscreens Cause Cancer?
Oxybenzone, retinyl palmitate, and nanoparticles have come under

scrutiny
No studies have shown a cause and effect relationship






Source: skincancer.org

Слайд 37Myth # 9
A product that combines sunscreen and insect repellant

makes sense









Photo: AAD.org

Слайд 38Buy 2 Separate Products
Combination products are problematic for a few reasons:
1)

The sunscreen ingredient is less effective (for example, when combined with DEET)
2) The insect repellant is more toxic and more readily absorbed
3) Application instructions differ for the 2 products



Source: skincancer.org

Слайд 39Myth # 10
My makeup has sunscreen in it, so I do

not need additional sunscreen

Слайд 40Makeup and Sun Exposure
Facial foundations without sunscreen provide SPF of 2

to 6
Better to layer foundation after sunscreen


Слайд 41Myth # 11
People with dark skin do not develop skin cancer


Слайд 42
Photo: Billboard.com


Слайд 43Bob Marley
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Was dismissed as a soccer injury under his

toenail
Metastasized to his brain and caused his death at age 36






Source: skincancer.org
Photo: Bolognia Dermatology, 2nd edition


Слайд 44Skin Cancer Affects Everyone
Dark-skinned patients who develop skin cancer have a

higher mortality
Why?
Delay in diagnosis
Melanomas more likely to appear in mouth, on palms/soles, or under nails

So while skin cancer is much more common among lighter-skinned people, it tends to be more deadly among people of color


Source: skincancer.org

Слайд 45Myth # 12
UV light does not go through windows


Слайд 46























Unilateral Dermatoheliosis
Jennifer R.S. Gordon, M.D., and Joaquin C. Brieva, M.D.
N Engl

J Med 2012; 366:e25April 19, 2012

Слайд 47Myth # 13
Self tanners protect from burning


Слайд 48Not a True Tan!
Most self tanners contain the active ingredient dihydroxyacetone

(DHA), a sugar molecule that darkens the skin
Does not increase melanin pigment in skin, so MINIMAL protection from UV light





Source: skincancer.org

Слайд 49Myth # 14
Acne is caused by greasy foods and chocolate


Слайд 50Diet and Acne
Controversial
Recent studies have implicated:
Skim milk
High glycemic index foods







Photo: skincancer.org





Слайд 51Myth # 15
Acne is due to dirty skin, so skin must

be scrubbed clean several times daily







Photo: aad.org

Слайд 52Skin Washing Tips
Overzealous washing can make acne worse!
Use a gentle, alcohol-free

cleanser
Use your fingertips to apply cleanser; avoid hot water
Do not scrub your skin 
Rinse with lukewarm water; pat dry with a soft towel
Apply moisturizer if your skin is dry or itchy (oil-free)
Even oily skin needs moisturizer
Limit washing to twice daily and after sweating


Source: aad.org

Слайд 53Myth # 16
Only teenagers have acne


Слайд 54Acne Contributors
Hormone fluctuations
Stress (increased androgens)
Family history
Hair and skin care products
Certain

medications
Certain medical conditions 


Слайд 55Myth # 17
Anti-aging products can erase all signs of aging








Photo: aad.org

Слайд 56Skin Care Products
If it sound too good to be true, it

probably is!
For a product to truly be anti-aging, it MUST contain UVA and UVB protection

Слайд 57Anti-Aging Tips
Protect your skin from the sun every day
Avoid repetitive

facial expressions
Sleep on your back
Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet
Stop smoking, and drink less alcohol
Exercise
Cleanse your skin gently (twice daily and after sweating)
Avoid irritating skin care products
Be patient!!

aad.org

Слайд 58Source: skincancer.org


Слайд 59Myth # 18
When it comes to skin care products, “you get

what you pay for”

Слайд 60Not True!
More affordable drugstore products often work just as well, if

not better than expensive “luxury” brands
Often paying for package, smell, feel of product- but not active ingredient and efficacy

Слайд 61Budget Skin Care
Sunscreen, sunscreen, sunscreen!
Apply moisturizer to damp skin to lock

in moisture
Petroleum jelly is a great moisturizer for rough, cracked skin
Don’t overdo it
Consider a moisturizer WITH sunscreen
Look for key ingredients

Слайд 62Ingredients
Look for products with Vitamins A, C, or E
Antioxidants- prevent

formation of free radicals that can lead to skin aging and skin cancers
Vitamins C and E can decrease sun damage and improve skin texture
Vitamin A derivatives (retinoids)
soften fine lines and correct uneven skin tone


Source: AAD.org

Слайд 63Other Ingredients
Alpha hydroxy acids
Glycolic acid
For dark spots: hydroquinone, retinol, kojic

acid, soy, niacinamide, ellagic acid, lignin peroxidase, arbutin, licorice





Source: aad.org

Слайд 64Take Your Vitamins!
Vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K
Essential fatty

acids (alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids)
Folic acid
Zinc and selenium
Biotin for hair and nails



Source: aad.org


Слайд 65Myth # 19
Cocoa butter prevents stretch marks










Слайд 66Sadly, no
Genetics play a huge role
Hormonal changes during puberty and pregnancy

contribute


Слайд 67Myth # 20
Smoking is not a major cause of wrinkles


Слайд 68This photo says it all…








Facial changes caused by smoking: a comparison

between smoking and nonsmoking identical twins.
Okada HC1, Alleyne B, Varghai K, Kinder K, Guyuron B. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013 Nov;132(5):1085-92.


Слайд 69Myth # 21
If the label says “all natural” or “botanical” ingredients,

it must be good for my skin

Слайд 70Not Always True
Heavily fragranced products can be very irritating
Allergies can develop

over time
“Natural” or “botanical” does NOT mean hypoallergenic
“Unscented” is not the same as “Fragrance-Free”

Слайд 71Conclusions
Sunscreen, Sunscreen, Sunscreen!
You do not need to break the bank to

take care of your skin
Don’t believe everything you hear
Take care of yourself and your skin will thank you
See you dermatologist for any concerning lesions and annually for skin exams

Слайд 72References
Skincancer.org
AAD.org
Springfieldclinic.com
Bolognia et al. textbook of Dermatology 2nd edition
Journal of the American

Academy of Dermatology
JAMA Dermatology
msn.healthyliving.com

Слайд 73Thank you!

Questions?


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