Calculus++. Find the radius of convergence for 3n презентация

Question 3. Find the radius of convergence for Solution: We have to find the power series

Слайд 1Calculus++ Light
Sudoku no more!


Слайд 2Question 3. Find the radius of convergence for
Solution: We have to

find

the power series



Слайд 3 Answers to Questions from Light #8:
Infinite Series II
Question 1:
Question 4:
S1

and S4 are convergent

b) III only

S2 and S3 are divergent

Question 2:


Слайд 4Calculus++
Infinite Series


Слайд 5Picture of the Week
Snowflake Curve
We construct a snowflake curve step by

step, starting from an equilateral triangle.
At each step we count:
a) the number of straight-line segments in the curve,
b) the total length of all segments (perimeter of the curve),
c) the total area bounded by the curve.

Слайд 6The number of sides: n0 = 3
Side length: L0
The number of

sides: n1 = 4n0

Side length:

Total area:

Total area:


Слайд 7The number of sides: n1 = 4n0.
Side length:
The number of sides:

n2 = 42n0.

Side length:

Total area:


Слайд 8The number of sides: n2 = 42n0.
Side length:
The number of sides:

n3 = 43n0.

Side length:


Слайд 9Total Perimeter after n steps
Total Area after n steps
as


Слайд 10Question 1 (December 2011 Exam, Q9).
Determine the convergence set for the

series

Solution: Let’s try your favourite values

and

For

we have

Converges.


Слайд 11Let’s try x = 2 now.
For
we obtain
Diverges.
Limit comparison test:
Converges


Слайд 12The limit comparison test.
are series with positive terms.
number, then

either both series converge, or both diverge.

Suppose that

and

where c is a finite positive

If

converges and c = 0, then

If

converges as well.

diverges and

If

then

diverges as well.


Слайд 13Question 2. Which of the following series are convergent?
a. I

only b. II only c. III only
d. I and II only e. II and III only

Solution: For series III

Consider

Then

Since

diverges, series III diverges as well.


Слайд 14a. I only b. II only c. III only
d. I and II only e.

II and III only

Since the series

converges as well.

For series II

Consider

Then

the series

converges,


Слайд 15a. I only b. II only c. III only
d. I and II only e.

II and III only

Since the geometric series

converges as well.

For series I

Consider

Then

the series

converges



Слайд 16For any series with positive and
negative terms we can obtain a

positive

For example, for the series and

the series of absolute values are

series by taking absolute values:

given by and


Слайд 17If the series of absolute value converges, then
Using the Cauchy criterion

for convergence of partial sums Sn one can show that if the

we say that the series converges absolutely.

series converges, then the series

converges as well.


Слайд 18Example.
The series of absolute values
converges absolutely.


converges.
Therefore the series
If
converges,

but

then we say that the series

converges conditionally.

diverges,


Слайд 19A test for convergence of alternating series
2) the sequence
then the series
converges.
is

non-increasing,

If

where


Слайд 20Question 3. Which of the following series is conditionally convergent?
a.

I only b. II only c. III only
d. II and III only e. I and III only

Solution: For series I:

and the sequence an does not converge to 0.

Thus, the necessary condition of convergence is not satisfied. Hence, series I diverges.


Слайд 21a. I only b. II only c. III only
d. II and III only e.

I and III only

For series III:

Let’s compare |an| with

Hence, series III converges absolutely.

and

The series

converges.


Слайд 22For series II:
Let’s compare |an| with
Hence, the series
and
The series
diverges.
diverges as

well.

Слайд 23To show that series II converges we have to show that:
3)

The sequence

Consider the function

correct

is non-increasing, for n = 1,2,3…

Solutions:

for


Слайд 243) The sequence
The function
correct
is non-increasing, for n = 1,2,3…
decreases on

the interval

Hence, the sequence

decreases for n = 1,2,3…

Thus, the series

converges conditionally.


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