plastics, their appointment. Usage in technology in the manufacture of dental prostheses and devices "
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Plastics. General characteristics. Classification. Composition. The main types of plastics, their appointment презентация
Содержание
- 1. Plastics. General characteristics. Classification. Composition. The main types of plastics, their appointment
- 2. Plastics - materials, which are based on
- 3. The main starting materials for polymer
- 4. Polymerization - reaction interconnection monomer compounds
- 5. Classification of plastics: 1.
- 6. 2. By nature: • organic; • inorganic; • organ elemental.
- 7. Main, which are used for removable and
- 8. B) Support, which are used at different
- 9. B) Clinical the temperature conditions of polymerization
- 10. Physical properties of materials Specific gravity
- 11. Mechanical properties of materials Durability -
- 12. Elasticity - material property again to
- 13. KEY (CONSTRUCTION) MATERIALS They should
- 14. The basic materials include: Plastic
- 15. The major components of this type
- 16. Compound of plastic The main component fluids
- 17. Compound of plastic Filler - a substance
- 18. Pigment - a substance imparting dental polymeric
- 19. The catalyst - a substance that accelerates
- 20. Activator - an agent that causes
- 21. Radiopaque material - barium sulphate, barium
- 22. Radiopaque material - barium sulphate, barium
- 23. Basic (BASIC) CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
- 24. The basis - the foundation of
- 25. Basic materials must have the following
- 26. 4) a small specific gravity and
- 27. 7) does not change color when
- 28. In addition, the base material must meet
- 29. For bases used plastic prostheses following
- 30. Dental copolymers comprise 80% of all
- 31. It is now widely used acrylic
- 32. Colorless plastic base Plastic-based stabilizer
- 33. Colorless base plastic used for manufacturing
- 34. ELASTIC LINING MATERIALS Need to improve
- 35. Materials must meet the following medical
- 36. Indications for use 1) with a sharp
- 37. Indications for use 5) the need
- 38. Resilient Lining materials for denture bases,
- 39. Methods of polymerization of basic plastics
- 40. Methods for forming plastic powder in
- 41. Plastics Polymerization Polymerization - a chemical
- 42. To study the basic acrylic resin polymerization
- 43. 2. The polymerization to dry under pressure;
- 44. 3. Polymerization an improved apparatus for foundry molding.
- 45. Plastics for fixed prostheses Most
- 46. Artificial teeth Sets the front
- 47. Thank you
Plastics - materials, which are based on polymers which are in the period of formation of products in the viscous fluid or highly elastic, and in the operation - in the
Слайд 2Plastics - materials, which are based on polymers which are in
the period of formation of products in the viscous fluid or highly elastic, and in the operation - in the glassy or crystalline state.
Polymers - a substance whose molecules consist of a large number of repeating units.
Polymers - a substance whose molecules consist of a large number of repeating units.
Слайд 3 The main starting materials for polymer dental materials are monomers and
oligomers (mono, I-D, tri-, tetra acrylates).
Monocrylat volatile, so they are using in combination with high molecular weight esters, thereby reducing shrinkage of the polymer.
Monocrylat volatile, so they are using in combination with high molecular weight esters, thereby reducing shrinkage of the polymer.
Слайд 4 Polymerization - reaction interconnection monomer compounds with double bonds without the
formation during the reaction of any new substances.
The reaction generated a high molecular compound that is different from the original size of a molecule.
The mechanism of the polymerization reaction is to activate some of the monomer molecules by the action of light, heat or catalysis torus and subsequently joining the already activated molecules to other molecules to form longer chains.
This connection continues as long as the energy is initially activated molecule dissipates.
The reaction generated a high molecular compound that is different from the original size of a molecule.
The mechanism of the polymerization reaction is to activate some of the monomer molecules by the action of light, heat or catalysis torus and subsequently joining the already activated molecules to other molecules to form longer chains.
This connection continues as long as the energy is initially activated molecule dissipates.
Слайд 5
Classification of plastics:
1. origin include:
• natural or biopolymers (proteins,
nucleic acids, natural number rubber);
• synthetic (polyethylene, polyamides, epoxy resins).
• synthetic (polyethylene, polyamides, epoxy resins).
Слайд 7Main, which are used for removable and fixed dentures:
• base
(rigid) polymers;
• elastic polymers or elastomers;
• polymer (plastic) artificial teeth; • polymers for replacement of dental hard tissue defects, materials for fillings, pin teeth and tabs;
• polymeric materials for temporary non-removable dentures;
• facing polymers (for permanent fixed prosthesis);
• restoration polymers
• elastic polymers or elastomers;
• polymer (plastic) artificial teeth; • polymers for replacement of dental hard tissue defects, materials for fillings, pin teeth and tabs;
• polymeric materials for temporary non-removable dentures;
• facing polymers (for permanent fixed prosthesis);
• restoration polymers
Слайд 8B) Support, which are used at different stages of the manufacture
of dentures:
• polymer impression material;
• polymer standard impression trays;
• polymeric materials for the manufacture of individual spoons;
• plastic caps and temporary crown to protect the prepared teeth.
• polymer impression material;
• polymer standard impression trays;
• polymeric materials for the manufacture of individual spoons;
• plastic caps and temporary crown to protect the prepared teeth.
Слайд 9B) Clinical
the temperature conditions of polymerization plastics are "hot" curing;
cold
curing plastics ( "self-hardening", "quick-hardening").
In the presence of "pink" plastic pigments;
“colorless" plastics; plastic different color impressions.
In the presence of "pink" plastic pigments;
“colorless" plastics; plastic different color impressions.
Слайд 10
Physical properties of materials
Specific gravity - density of the material, the
amount of substance per unit volume and mass of one cm3 of the body, expressed in grams.
Melting point - the temperature at which the substance passes from a solid to a liquid.
Shrinkage of the material - material volume reduction during cooling after casting.
Melting point - the temperature at which the substance passes from a solid to a liquid.
Shrinkage of the material - material volume reduction during cooling after casting.
Слайд 11Mechanical properties of materials
Durability - solid body's ability to resist the
impact of external forces seeking to deform.
Viscosity - the ability of a material under load to stretch, lengthen.
Hardness - The ability of the solid material to enter the soft material under pressure.
Viscosity - the ability of a material under load to stretch, lengthen.
Hardness - The ability of the solid material to enter the soft material under pressure.
Слайд 12 Elasticity - material property again to return to its original state,
acquiring its original shape after the termination of the deforming force.
Plasticity - the ability to change shape and save it as a final deformation.
Fatigue of materials (metals, plastics) occurs when prolonged load, which creates tension.
Removing the friction arises from solid soft material
Plasticity - the ability to change shape and save it as a final deformation.
Fatigue of materials (metals, plastics) occurs when prolonged load, which creates tension.
Removing the friction arises from solid soft material
Слайд 13
KEY (CONSTRUCTION) MATERIALS
They should be harmless, solid, not collapse under the
action of an oral liquid, various nutrients, air, and the pressure withstand chewing process during manufacture in which the prosthesis is subjected to tension, bending, distortion, temperature action.
Dentures should be a natural color, not to have an unpleasant taste and smell are also important availability and cost of material.
Dentures should be a natural color, not to have an unpleasant taste and smell are also important availability and cost of material.
Слайд 15
The major components of this type of plastic compositions are:
1) monomer
- based plastics;
2) binder (phenol-formaldehyde resin, or other);
3) fillers (wood flour, asbestos, glass fiber);
2) binder (phenol-formaldehyde resin, or other);
3) fillers (wood flour, asbestos, glass fiber);
Слайд 16Compound of plastic
The main component fluids "monomer" is a methyl ester
of methacrylic acid stabilized inhibitor.
Each liquid contains a specific modifier to the polymerization type resins and plastics to impart desired performance properties.
Each liquid contains a specific modifier to the polymerization type resins and plastics to impart desired performance properties.
Слайд 17Compound of plastic Filler - a substance that affects the strength, hardness,
shrinkage, thermal conductivity, resistance to aggressive media. Sometimes minimal and organic, powdery and fibrous (silica flour, silica gels, silicates, various grades of finely ground glass).
Слайд 18Pigment - a substance imparting dental polymeric compositions and shades of
colors, imitating the tooth tissue and mucosa.
Requirements: harmlessness, distribution uniformity, stability in maintaining the color under the influence of external factors, good optical properties.
Requirements: harmlessness, distribution uniformity, stability in maintaining the color under the influence of external factors, good optical properties.
Слайд 19The catalyst - a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction.
The
Initiator - a substance which when exposed to heat or other factors (activator) decomposes into free radicals polymerization reaction beginning (benzoyl peroxide).
Слайд 20 Activator - an agent that causes the decomposition of the initiator
with the formation of active growth promoting radical polymer chain and polymerization (dimethylparatoluidine, a tertiary amine).
Plasticizer - a substance that increases the ductility and elasticity of the material (dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate).
Inhibitor (retarder) - a substance that slows the chemical reactions, preventing spontaneous polymerization during transport and storage (hydroquinone, diphenylolpropane).
Plasticizer - a substance that increases the ductility and elasticity of the material (dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate).
Inhibitor (retarder) - a substance that slows the chemical reactions, preventing spontaneous polymerization during transport and storage (hydroquinone, diphenylolpropane).
Слайд 21
Radiopaque material - barium sulphate, barium fluoride, barium and bismuth glass.
Their presence helps to detect polymer fragments with injuries maxillofacial area and the introduction of elements of the prosthesis into the soft tissue.
Слайд 22
Radiopaque material - barium sulphate, barium fluoride, barium and bismuth glass.
Their presence helps to detect polymer fragments with injuries maxillofacial area and the introduction of elements of the prosthesis into the soft tissue.
Слайд 23
Basic (BASIC) CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
The materials used for manufacturing bases removable plate
prostheses, called basic materials.
Слайд 24
The basis - the foundation of the denture: it strengthened artificial
teeth, clasps and other components of the prosthesis.
Слайд 25
Basic materials must have the following characteristics:
1) sufficient strength and elasticity
necessary to ensure the integrity of the prosthesis without deformation under chewing forces;
2) high bending resistance;
3) high resistance to impact;
2) high bending resistance;
3) high resistance to impact;
Слайд 26
4) a small specific gravity and low thermal conductivity;
5) sufficient
rigidity, low abrasion;
6) indifference to the action of saliva and various nutrients
6) indifference to the action of saliva and various nutrients
Слайд 27 7) does not change color when exposed to light, air and
other environmental factors;
8) does not adversely affect oral tissue and organism as a whole;
9) no adsorption of nutrients and microflora in the mouth.
8) does not adversely affect oral tissue and organism as a whole;
9) no adsorption of nutrients and microflora in the mouth.
Слайд 28In addition, the base material must meet the following requirements:
1) firmly
connected with porcelain, metal, plastic;
2) are easily processed into a product with a high accuracy and maintain the shape imparted;
3) be easy to fix;
4) well painted to imitate the natural color of the gums and teeth;
5) can be easily disinfected;
6) does not cause unpleasant taste and odorless.
2) are easily processed into a product with a high accuracy and maintain the shape imparted;
3) be easy to fix;
4) well painted to imitate the natural color of the gums and teeth;
5) can be easily disinfected;
6) does not cause unpleasant taste and odorless.
Слайд 29
For bases used plastic prostheses following types:
acrylic;
vynilacril
modified polystyrene;
copolymers or mixtures of appropriate plastics.
Слайд 30
Dental copolymers comprise 80% of all medical copolymers comprise copolymers acrylmetacrylate
- double or triple copolymers.
Слайд 32
Colorless plastic base
Plastic-based stabilizer purified from polymethylmethacrylate containing Tinuvin which prevents
aging of the plastic under the influence of an aggressive environment.
Слайд 33
Colorless base plastic used for manufacturing dental prostheses bases in cases
where counter-stained basis as well as for other purposes prosthodontics when necessary a transparent base material.
Слайд 34ELASTIC LINING MATERIALS
Need to improve the adhesion of the denture
to the oral mucosa, as well as combined production of dental prostheses resulted in the appearance of soft elastic lining materials for denture base.
They are also used for the production of obturators, maxillofacial prosthetics, elastic pilots, etc.
They are also used for the production of obturators, maxillofacial prosthetics, elastic pilots, etc.
Слайд 35
Materials must meet the following medical and technical requirements:
1) is firmly
connected with the base material;
2) be non-toxic;
3) to maintain the elasticity;
4) good wetting;
5) does not dissolve in the mouth;
6) have a high resistance to wear;
7) does not change color;
8) to be technologically advanced.
2) be non-toxic;
3) to maintain the elasticity;
4) good wetting;
5) does not dissolve in the mouth;
6) have a high resistance to wear;
7) does not change color;
8) to be technologically advanced.
Слайд 36Indications for use
1) with a sharp ridge atrophy of alveolar processes
when contraindicated for all the usual methods of fixation of the prosthesis
2) in the presence of bony protrusions and ridges on the prosthetic bed, so that a solid basis for the prosthesis causes pain;
3) for the reduction of saliva in a patient worsens the fixation and stabilization of the prosthesis;
4) in the anomalous form of bite;
2) in the presence of bony protrusions and ridges on the prosthetic bed, so that a solid basis for the prosthesis causes pain;
3) for the reduction of saliva in a patient worsens the fixation and stabilization of the prosthesis;
4) in the anomalous form of bite;
Слайд 37Indications for use
5) the need to create an increased adhesion of
the prosthesis (for musicians playing wind instruments);
6) to create a new form of an old or bad adjacent denture base;
7) for manufacturing obturators;
6) to create a new form of an old or bad adjacent denture base;
7) for manufacturing obturators;
Слайд 38 Resilient Lining materials for denture bases, depending on the nature of
the material is divided into four types:
acrylic
pliable
silicone based
fluorine rubber
acrylic
pliable
silicone based
fluorine rubber
Слайд 39
Methods of polymerization of basic plastics
Plastics made acrylic-based - is the
main structural material for the manufacture of removable plate dentures and orthodontic appliances.
Слайд 40
Methods for forming plastic powder in pasty condition divided into two
types: casting and compression molding.
Слайд 41Plastics Polymerization
Polymerization - a chemical reaction in which there is an
association of molecules of the same low molecular weight substances.
Because this reaction produces high molecular weight compounds that are similar in composition to the primary material, but it differs from the quantity and properties of molecules.
Because this reaction produces high molecular weight compounds that are similar in composition to the primary material, but it differs from the quantity and properties of molecules.
Слайд 42To study the basic acrylic resin polymerization quality using three methods:
1.
Polymerization for "water bath" in the cell in a plaster mold;
Слайд 45
Plastics for fixed prostheses
Most plastics used
"Sinma-M" and
"Sinma-74."
This acrylic
hot curing plastic such as "powder-liquid."
Слайд 46
Artificial teeth
Sets the front teeth are divided into 17 sizes.
The main part of the headset upper anterior teeth is made up of 3 styles: rectangular, wedge-shaped and oval.
Sets the lower anterior teeth are available in two styles: rectangular and wedge.
Sets of posterior teeth are available in 5 styles with increasing size. Teeth are available 7 colors.
Sets the lower anterior teeth are available in two styles: rectangular and wedge.
Sets of posterior teeth are available in 5 styles with increasing size. Teeth are available 7 colors.
