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Quantum computers, quantum computations презентация
Содержание
- 1. Quantum computers, quantum computations
- 2. Take-home message The quest for a quantum
- 3. Motivation Microprocessor 80486dx2 Electronic lamp Meters Nanometers Moore’s law 40 years
- 4. Outline History Principles of quantum computation Di
- 5. History in facts 1982 – R. Feynman
- 6. 2012 – S. Haroche & D.
- 7. History in diagrams Classical vs quantum: speed up
- 8. What is beyond? Down to small size = forward to quantum physics
- 9. Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Information
- 10. What is all about or new applications
- 11. What is QC? QC is the physical
- 12. Classical ≠ Quantum
- 13. Algorithm complexity Easy Hard Input Classic
- 14. Qubit = Quantum bit Bit Qubit
- 15. Entangled states (EPR)
- 16. Interference – Schrödinger's Cat
- 17. Quantum parallelelism
- 18. Parallel quantum algorithm
- 19. Universal gate set Operation Gates: NOT Hadamar XOR
- 20. Principles of quantum computation Computation: unitary evolution Readout: measurement Avoiding decoherence
- 21. Di Vincenzo criteria Selectivity (addressing each qubit)
- 22. Quantum computer by Cirac & Zoller (1995)
- 23. Ions in trap
- 24. Qubit: micro or macro? Measurement duration:
- 25. Superconductors: macroatoms Qubit: charge or phase Control:
- 26. Superconducting qubit: overcoming decoherence Shnyrkov et al,
- 27. Flux qubit: theory
- 28. … & experiment qubit gate
- 29. V-I SQUID (V.Shnyrkov, G. Tsoi, 1990) quantum classic
- 30. ScS-контакт, m= 26, C= 8 pF, βL= 3,83 Quantum coherence
- 31. Single-qubit gate
- 32. Experimental results for the charge-phase qubit
- 33. 2-qubit gate (DiVincenzo et al, IBM qubit)
- 34. Find the period: Shor’s algorithm
- 35. Hidden symmetry ay=0 - amplification; ay=1 - depression
- 36. Classic algorithm : 2n =N Quantum algorithm:
- 37. Grover’ algorithm Input Flip (Merlin) Mirroring
- 38. Grover’ algorithm: experiment
- 39. 4-level system QIR=Quantum Intermediate Representation QASM=Quantum Assembly
- 40. Quantum computer: challenges Decoherence (state instability) Scaling
- 41. Quantum abyss # кубитов
- 42. When, Where, Who & hoW? 2 qb
- 43. Alumni Vadym Kliuchnikov Post doc researcher
- 44. QUANTUM COMPUTING JOIN THE TEAM!
Take-home message The quest for a quantum computer reminds me of the endless quests for WIMPs, strings, sparticles, magnetic monopoles, etc. Succeed they or not, they bring to development of new
Слайд 1Quantum computers, quantum computations
H. Gomonay
National Technical University of Ukraine
JGU, Mainz, Germany
Слайд 2Take-home message
The quest for a quantum computer reminds me of the
endless quests for WIMPs, strings, sparticles, magnetic monopoles, etc. Succeed they or not, they bring to development of new knowledges and technologies, push the most talented people into science and keep fun from research. Same as it ever was.
Слайд 4Outline
History
Principles of quantum computation
Di Vincenzo criteria
Superconducting qubit
Some algorithms
Architecture
Challenges and problems
Слайд 5History in facts
1982 – R. Feynman predicts possibility of quantum computations
1935
– A. Einstein doubts in adequacy of quantum mechanics & introduces entangled states
2007 – D-Wave Systems presents 16 qubit quantum processor Orion
Слайд 6
2012 – S. Haroche & D. J. Wineland winn Nobel prize
for for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"
2015 – Google tests the D-Wave 2X quantum annealer, ~1000 qb
Слайд 10What is all about or new applications of quantum physics
“Hacking” crypto
Keeping
secrets
Data search speed up
Bioinformatics
Outer space opening
Fundamental problems
Data search speed up
Bioinformatics
Outer space opening
Fundamental problems
Factorization of 256-digit number:
Classic – 2N ≈1070 years
Quantum – N2 ~ 10 seconds
Слайд 11What is QC?
QC is the physical device that utilizes quantum properties
for information processing
D-Wave
Слайд 12
Classical ≠ Quantum
Hardware
Software
Boolean logic
Quantum logic
Classical
Quantum
(Principle of
excluded middle)
(Superposition & hidden symmetry)
Слайд 20Principles of quantum computation
Computation: unitary evolution
Readout: measurement
Avoiding decoherence
Слайд 21Di Vincenzo criteria
Selectivity (addressing each qubit)
High sensitivity = Good control
Large decoherence
time
(τdecoh/ τgate >104)
Readout ⇒ Measurability
Scalability (>100 qubits)
Readout ⇒ Measurability
Scalability (>100 qubits)
Слайд 24Qubit: micro or macro?
Measurement duration:
Limitations:
Energy splitting:
Qubit = 1 electron
spin:
Measured
Min splitting
Min field
Impossible! We need macrospin!
Measured
Min splitting
Min field
Impossible! We need macrospin!
k~10-3 – 10-7
~10 4 T
Слайд 25Superconductors: macroatoms
Qubit: charge or phase
Control: magnetic flux
Readout: SQUID, SET
T=10 mK
1 qubit
gate — ns
Qubit size 1 mcm
Qubit size 1 mcm
Josephson junction
Слайд 26Superconducting qubit: overcoming decoherence
Shnyrkov et al, 2007
τdecoh→ s, T → 1
K
(Shnyrkov, Mooji, D-wave Systems)
Слайд 32
Experimental results for the charge-phase qubit placed in the region of
the maximum electric field at continuous microwave irradiation with ω0=7.27 GHz.
Set of the curves of the voltage-current phase shift αT (Φe/Φ0) in the tank circuit. (V. Shnyrkov, D. Born, A. Soroka, W. Krech 2003)
Rabi oscillations
Слайд 394-level system
QIR=Quantum Intermediate Representation
QASM=Quantum Assembly Language
QPOL=Quantum Physical Operations Language
QCC=Quantum Computer Compiler
Architecture
Слайд 40Quantum computer: challenges
Decoherence (state instability)
Scaling (few number of qubits)
Input-output control
Extreme
conditions (T=10 mK, …)
New math algorithms development
Consumer friendly implementation
Weak measurement
New math algorithms development
Consumer friendly implementation
Weak measurement
Слайд 42When, Where, Who & hoW?
2 qb — 1999, 7 qb —
2001, 16 qb — 2007,
NP — 2012,1000 qb —2015, on-table -- 20xx?
~ 1000 experimental groups over the world
Physics, math, computer science, engineering?
Semi- or super-conductors or?
NP — 2012,1000 qb —2015, on-table -- 20xx?
~ 1000 experimental groups over the world
Physics, math, computer science, engineering?
Semi- or super-conductors or?
Слайд 43Alumni
Vadym Kliuchnikov
Post doc researcher @ Microsoft Research
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/vadym/
Sergii Strelchuk
Junior Research Fellow
@ Centre for Quantum Information and Foundations, UC
http://www.qi.damtp.cam.ac.uk/node/72
http://www.qi.damtp.cam.ac.uk/node/72
