Axles and shafts презентация

Содержание

1. Axles and shafts
2. AXLES AND SHAFTS Links intended to carry
3. AXLES Axles are intended to support rotating
4. SHAFTS Shafts are designed to carry links
5. CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS According to purpose
6. CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS 2. According to the
7. CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS 3. According to the
8. CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS 4. According to the
9. SHAFTS Portion of the shaft which is
10. CALCULATION OF SHAFTS Strength;
11. CALCULATION OF SHAFTS FOR STRENGTH Determination
12. DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM DIAMETER OF THE
13. DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Input shaft Half coupling Seal Bearing Bearing Pinion
14. SEALS Seals are divided into: Commercial
15. DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Input bevel pinion shaft Input worm shaft
16. DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Intermediate shaft
17. DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Output shaft Bearing
18. SPUR GEAR Thickness of the rim
19. WORM GEAR Thickness of the bronze ring
20. SKETCH LAYOUT Double stage spur gear speed
21. SKETCH LAYOUT Double stage coaxial spur gear
22. SKETCH LAYOUT Bevel gears
23. SKETCH LAYOUT Double stage bevel and spur
24. STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT For single
25. STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT 1. Draw
26. STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT Checking:
27. STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT T 7.
28. STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT Calculation of
29. STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT Calculation of
30. STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT ψσ =

AXLES AND SHAFTS Links intended to carry rotating elements (pulleys, sprockets, pinions, gears, half-couplings, etc.) are called as axles or shafts.

Слайд 1AXLES AND SHAFTS

Слайд 2AXLES AND SHAFTS
Links intended to carry rotating elements (pulleys, sprockets, pinions,

gears, half-couplings, etc.) are called as axles or shafts.

Слайд 3AXLES
Axles are intended to support rotating parts that do not transmit

torques and are subjected to bending only.

immovable axle

movable axle

Слайд 4SHAFTS
Shafts are designed to carry links which transmit torques and experience

both bending and torsion.

Слайд 5CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS
According to purpose

Shafts of various drives (gear drives, belt

drives, chain drives and so on);

Main shafts of mechanisms and machines whose function is to carry not only drive elements but other elements that do not transmit torques such as rotors, fly-wheels, turbine disks, etc.

Слайд 6CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS
2. According to the shape
Straight shafts;

Cranked shafts;

Flexible shafts.

Слайд 7CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS
3. According to the construction
Shafts of constant cross section

(without steps);
Shafts of variable cross section (of stepped configuration);
Shafts made solid with gears or worms.

Слайд 8CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS
4. According to the shape of the cross section
Shafts

with solid circular cross section;
Shafts with hollow circular cross section;
Shafts with keyways;
Shafts with splines;
Shafts with rectangular cross section.

Слайд 9SHAFTS
Portion of the shaft which is in contact with a bearing

is called journal. We will distinguish between end journal, neck journal and thrust journal.

Слайд 10CALCULATION OF SHAFTS
Strength;

Rigidity;

Oscillations.
Shafts may be calculated for:

Слайд 11CALCULATION OF SHAFTS FOR STRENGTH
Determination of the minimum diameter of the

shaft;

Designing the shaft construction;

Strength analysis of the shaft.

Calculation of shafts for strength is divided into 3 stages:

Слайд 12DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM DIAMETER OF THE SHAFT
Minimum diameter of the

shaft is determined taking into account torsion stresses only. In order to compensate neglect of bending stresses the allowable torsion stress is assumed as down rated ([τ]=20…40 MPa).

Слайд 13DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
Input shaft

Half coupling
Seal
Bearing
Bearing
Pinion

Слайд 14SEALS
Seals are divided into:

Commercial seals (Lip-type seals);

Labyrinth seals;

Groove seals;

Combined seals.
Rubbing element
Steel

ring of L-shaped cross-section

Coil spring

Слайд 15DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
Input bevel pinion shaft
Input worm shaft

Слайд 16DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
Intermediate shaft
d1
d2
d2
d1
Bearing
Bearing
Pinion
d3
Gear

Слайд 17DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION
Output shaft
Bearing

Слайд 18SPUR GEAR
Thickness of the rim

δ = (3…4)·m;
Thickness of the web C = (0.2…0.3)·bg;
Diameter of the hub dhub=(1.5…1.7)·dshaft;
Length of the hub lhub=(1.2…1.5)·dshaft;
Diameter of the hole
dhole=(D0-dhub)/4;
Diameter of the hole centre line
Dc=(D0+dhub)/4; ;
Fillet radii R ≥ 6 mm;
Angle γ ≥ 7º.

Слайд 19WORM GEAR
Thickness of the bronze ring δ1= 2·m;
Thickness of

the steel rim δ2= 2·m;
Thickness of the web C = 0.2…0.3)·bg;
Diameter of the hub dhub=(1.5…1.7)·dshaft;
Length of the hub lhub=(1.2…1.5)·dshaft;
Diameter of the screw ds=(1.2…1.4)·m;
Length of the screw ls=(0.3…0.4)·bg;
Diameter of the hole dhole=(D0-dhub)/4;
Diameter of the hole centre line
Dc=(D0+dhub)/4;
Width and height of the collar
h = 0.15·bg; t = 0.8·h ;
Fillet radii R ≥ 6 mm
Angle γ ≥ 7º.

Слайд 20SKETCH LAYOUT
Double stage spur gear speed reducer

I
I

Слайд 21SKETCH LAYOUT
Double stage coaxial spur gear speed reducer

Слайд 22SKETCH LAYOUT
Bevel gears

Слайд 23SKETCH LAYOUT
Double stage bevel and spur gear speed reducer

Слайд 24STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT
For single stage
speed reducers
For double stage

speed reducers

Слайд 25STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT
1. Draw the analytical model in the

vertical plane and transfer all forces to the shaft;

2. Determine vertical support reactions RyA and RyC. For this purpose we set up equations of moments relative to points A and C. For checking we will write equation of forces that are parallel to Y axis;

3. Plot the bending moment diagram in the vertical plane;

4. Draw the analytical model in the horizontal plane and transfer all forces to the shaft;

5. Determine horizontal support reactions RxA and RxC. For that we set up equations of moments relative to points A and C. For checking we write equation of forces that are parallel to X axis;

6. Plot the bending moment diagram in the horizontal plane;

7. Plot the total bending moment diagram

8. Plot the twisting moment diagram;

9. Plot the reduced moment diagram

Слайд 26STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT
Checking:

1.
2.
3.
5.
Checking:
6.
4.

Слайд 27STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT
T
7.
8.

9.

Calculation for static strength
Mred max is the

reduced moment at the critical section;
d is diameter of the shaft at the critical section;
[σb] = 100…120 MPa.

where

Слайд 28STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT
Calculation of the shaft for fatigue strength
Changing

of bending stresses

Changing of torsion stresses

Safety factor

Safety factor for bending

Safety factor for torsion

Слайд 29STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT
Calculation of the shaft for fatigue strength

σlim,

τlim – limit of endurance in bending and in torsion

- for carbon steels;

- for alloy steels;

σpeak, τpeak – variable (peak) components of bending and torsion stresses

Слайд 30STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT
ψσ = 0.1; ψτ = 0.05 −

for carbon steels;
ψσ = 0.15; ψτ = 0.1 − for alloy steels.

Calculation of the shaft for fatigue strength

σmean, τmean– constant (mean) components of bending and torsion stresses

ψ σ, ψτ– factors of constant components of bending and torsion stresses

K σ, Κτ– effective stress concentration factors;

K d – scale factor;

K F - surface roughness factor.

Axles and shafts презентация

Содержание

Слайд 1AXLES AND SHAFTS

Слайд 2AXLES AND SHAFTSLinks intended to carry rotating elements (pulleys, sprockets, pinions,

Слайд 3AXLESAxles are intended to support rotating parts that do not transmit

Слайд 4SHAFTSShafts are designed to carry links which transmit torques and experience

Слайд 5CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTSAccording to purposeShafts of various drives (gear drives, belt

Слайд 6CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS2. According to the shapeStraight shafts; Cranked shafts;Flexible shafts.

Слайд 7CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS3. According to the constructionShafts of constant cross section

Слайд 8CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS4. According to the shape of the cross sectionShafts

Слайд 9SHAFTSPortion of the shaft which is in contact with a bearing

Слайд 10CALCULATION OF SHAFTS Strength; Rigidity; Oscillations.Shafts may be calculated for:

Слайд 11CALCULATION OF SHAFTS FOR STRENGTHDetermination of the minimum diameter of the

Слайд 12DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM DIAMETER OF THE SHAFTMinimum diameter of the

Слайд 13DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTIONInput shaftHalf couplingSealBearingBearingPinion

Слайд 14SEALSSeals are divided into:Commercial seals (Lip-type seals);Labyrinth seals;Groove seals;Combined seals.Rubbing elementSteel

Слайд 15DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Input bevel pinion shaftInput worm shaft

Слайд 16DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Intermediate shaftd1d2d2d1BearingBearingPiniond3Gear

Слайд 17DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTIONOutput shaftBearing

Слайд 18SPUR GEARThickness of the rim

Слайд 19WORM GEARThickness of the bronze ring δ1= 2·m;Thickness of

Слайд 20SKETCH LAYOUTDouble stage spur gear speed reducerII

Слайд 21SKETCH LAYOUTDouble stage coaxial spur gear speed reducer

Слайд 22SKETCH LAYOUTBevel gears

Слайд 23SKETCH LAYOUTDouble stage bevel and spur gear speed reducer

Слайд 24STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFTFor single stage speed reducersFor double stage

Слайд 25STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFT1. Draw the analytical model in the

Слайд 26STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFTChecking:1.2.3.5.Checking:6.4.

Слайд 27STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFTT7.8.9.Calculation for static strengthMred max is the

Слайд 28STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFTCalculation of the shaft for fatigue strengthChanging

Слайд 29STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFTCalculation of the shaft for fatigue strengthσlim,

Слайд 30STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE SHAFTψσ = 0.1; ψτ = 0.05 −

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