Rate Rise: The Fed Awakens презентация

But will the economy strike back? The US has raised rates for the first time since June 2006. But was it needed? We look at the following key aspects

Слайд 1Rupert Seggins, Marcus Wright
RBS Economics
December 2015
Rate Rise: The Fed Awakens


Слайд 2But will the economy strike back?
The US has raised rates for

the first time since June 2006. But was it needed? We look at the following key aspects of the US economy: inflation, the labour market, growth & the global backdrop to establish whether a rate rise was necessary.

Слайд 3Inflation isn’t the phantom menace…it’s just a phantom
Inflation is well below

the Fed’s 2% target. Headline inflation has been affected by gyrations in energy prices & dollar strength, but core has remained remarkably stable.

Expectations are well anchored. The Fed is not even close to a credibility problem.

Слайд 4The labour market is pointing in 2 directions at once
Employment has

grown for an uninterrupted 5 years. Unemployment is at a level that the Fed thinks may spark future inflation.

But the share of people either in employment or looking for work is at its lowest since the late 1970s.

This cannot just be explained by shifting demographics & the financial crisis.

*Shaded bars = periods of recession


Слайд 5Wage growth….very far from alarming
Unit labour costs are rising, but

growth in wages and salaries remains low. As in other developed economies, globalisation and technological change are holding back wage growth.

Demand-pull inflation doesn’t look like appearing anytime soon.

Слайд 6And growth isn’t shooting the lights out
Growth has been ticking

along nicely compared to recent years. But it’s modest compared to the pre-crisis period.

Personal consumption growth is robust, but it’s cooled a little in recent months.


Слайд 7Investment is….meh!
Fixed investment is a similar story to spending –

solid but not spectacular.
Investment in intellectual property (around 25% of private fixed investment) has remained robust while commodity related investment has fallen.

Durable goods orders – a leading indicator of investment – are falling.
And so has manufacturing capacity utilisation.


Слайд 8The global backdrop is hardly great
The last time the Fed

raised rates, China and the Eurozone were growing twice as fast as they are now. And exports were consequently booming.

But now, global growth is stuck in the slow lane and exports are falling in volume terms.

Слайд 9China slowing and other EM concerns
China is slowing more than

the headline figures suggest.
Its problems are structural not cyclical so the slowdown likely has a lot further left to run.

Emerging market firms have been increasing their leverage. A significant proportion of that is dollar-denominated. Higher US interest rates potentially spells further trouble.


Слайд 10Easy does it
At the very least the Fed's tightening cycle is

going to be extremely gentle when compared to the past. And it won't take much at all for tightening to become easing once again.

Слайд 11Trying to create some wriggle room
The Fed may be looking to

create room to respond to future slowdowns in growth. Especially given that it feels the unemployment rate is sufficiently low that higher inflation could be around the corner.

Слайд 12Watch out Emerging Markets!
The Fed has spent much of the year

preparing the ground for a rate rise, aiming not to repeat 2013's taper tantrum. But, it will have to continue communicating its intent to gradually raise interest rates.
Otherwise an abrupt tightening of global financial conditions could occur, an unwanted outcome given concerns over the debt loads in emerging markets.



Mainly Developed Economies

Mainly Emerging Economies


Слайд 13Final thoughts
The US is better placed than other major developed

economies for a rate hike. But it’s not clear that one is needed.

The risk is that the Fed treads the well-worn path of other central banks in places such as the Euro Area, Sweden & Switzerland. Rates rise, disinflationary forces intensify and rates have to be brought down further than before.

There is an argument in favour of higher rates to cool asset price growth and risk-taking. But interest rates are a blunt tool for this purpose.

Слайд 14Follow us on Twitter
@RBS_Economics
https://twitter.com/rbs_economics


Слайд 15Disclaimer

This material is published by The Royal Bank of Scotland plc

(“RBS”), for information purposes only and should not be regarded as providing any specific advice. Recipients should make their own independent evaluation of this information and no action should be taken, solely relying on it. This material should not be reproduced or disclosed without our consent. It is not intended for distribution in any jurisdiction in which this would be prohibited. Whilst this information is believed to be reliable, it has not been independently verified by RBS and RBS makes no representation or warranty (express or implied) of any kind, as regards the accuracy or completeness of this information, nor does it accept any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage arising in any way from any use made of or reliance placed on, this information. Unless otherwise stated, any views, forecasts, or estimates are solely those of RBS’s RBS Economics Department, as of this date and are subject to change without notice. The classification of this document is PUBLIC. The Royal Bank of Scotland plc. Registered in Scotland No. 90312. Registered Office: 36 St Andrew Square, Edinburgh EH2 2YB. The Royal Bank of Scotland plc is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. © Copyright 2015 The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc. All rights reserved

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