Critical Thinking презентация

(CT)
CT is the process of thinking clearly, with accuracy and precision; of thinking carefully, with logic and depth; and of thinking open-mindedly, by examining points of view and acknowledging assumptions and biases within a given viewpoint.

It is the process of assessing opinions.

It refers to a set of skills relating to the recognition, analysis, evaluation, and construction of arguments.

Critical thinking skills are important because they enable us to deal effectively with social, scientific, and practical problems, and all aspects of life .

are necessary for:
success in college
success in the workplace
success in the marketplace
living an examined life

Poor critical thinking skills contribute to many life problems: life struggle, depression, low self-esteem, ..

Clement (1979) stated that - we should be teaching students how to think. Instead, we are teaching them what to think.

thinking

(The three underlying strategies are “Reflection, Reasons, Alternatives” (RRA).
12 Fundamental Strategies
8 Tactics strategies.
And others.

4 main types of critical thinking tools (questions): Getting the Facts, Evaluating the Facts, Drawing a Conclusion using Logic, and Evaluating a Conclusion.

Thought
 Point of View (frame of reference, perspective, Orientation).
Purpose (goal, objective).
Question at issue (problem, issue).
Information (data, facts, observations, experiences).
Interpretation and inference (conclusions, solutions).
Concepts (theories, definitions, axioms, laws, principles, models).
Assumptions (presupposition, taking for granted).
Implications and Consequences (Used With Sensitivity to Universal Intellectual Standards).
Clarity --Could you elaborate further? Could you give me an example?
Could you illustrate what you mean?
Accuracy -- How could we check on that? How could we find out if that is true? How could we verify or test that?

be more specific? Could you give me more details?
Could you be more exact?
Relevance --How does that relate to the problem? How does that bear on the question? How does that help us with the issue?
Depth --What factors make this a difficult problem? What are some of the complexities of this question? What are some of the difficulties we need to deal with?
Breadth --Do we need to look at this from another perspective? Do we need to consider another point of view? Do we need to look at this in other ways?
Logic -- Does all this make sense together? Does your first paragraph fit in with your last? Does what you say follow from the evidence?
Significance --Is this the most important problem to consider? Is this the central idea to focus on? Which of these facts are most important?
Fairness-- Do I have any vested interest in this issue? Am I sympathetically representing the viewpoints of others?

Critical thinking - This is convergent thinking. It assesses the worth and validity of something existent. It involves precise, persistent, objective analysis. When teachers try to get several learners to think convergently, they try to help them develop common understanding.

2. Creative thinking - This is divergent thinking. It generates something new or different. It involves having a different idea that works as well or better than previous ideas.

3. Convergent thinking - This type of thinking is cognitive processing of information around a common point, an attempt to bring thoughts from different directions into a union or common conclusion.

4. Divergent thinking - This type of thinking starts from a common point and moves outward into a variety of perspectives.

5. Inductive thinking - This is the process of reasoning from parts to the whole, from examples to generalizations.

it’s Tools
Creative thinking is the generation of new ideas within or across domains of knowledge, drawing upon or intentionally breaking with established symbolic rules and procedures. It usually involves the behaviors of preparation, incubation, insight, evaluation, elaboration, and communication. In the context of college teaching and learning, creative thinking deliberately and actively engages students in:
•Bringing together existing ideas into new configurations;
•Developing new properties or possibilities for something that already exists; and
•Discovering or imagining something entirely new.

involved in the capacity to perceive emotions, assimilate emotion-related feelings, understand the information of those emotions, and manage them.
Recognize your emotions, understand what they're telling you, and realize how your emotions affect people around you.
By understanding how others feel you will manage them effectively (at work).
The 4 Components of EI
PERCEIVING EMOTION/ Using them/ Understanding them/ Managing them.

- Eduard de Bono
Is a thinking tool for group discussion and individual thinking. Combined with the idea of parallel thinking which is associated with it, it provides a means for groups to think together more effectively, and a means to plan thinking processes in a detailed and cohesive way.

Creative Thinking:
Reframing,
mind mapping,
insight,
creative flow.


To be discussed later …

open-minded and mindful of alternatives 2. Desires to be, and is, well-informed 3. Judges well the credibility of sources 4. Identifies reasons, assumptions, and conclusions 5. Asks appropriate clarifying questions 6. Judges well the quality of an argument, including its reasons, assumptions, evidence, and their degree of support for the conclusion 7. Can well develop and defend a reasonable position regarding a belief or an action, doing justice to challenges 8. Formulates plausible hypotheses 9. Plans and conducts experiments well 10. Defines terms in a way appropriate for the context 11. Draws conclusions when warranted – but with caution 12. Integrates all of the above aspects of critical thinking