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What is respiration презентация
Содержание
- 1. What is respiration
- 2. WHAT IS RESPIRATION Respiration is the exchange
- 3. Parts of Human Respiratory System: Nose Pharynx
- 4. The Path of Air From the
- 7. Pharynx is located behind the mouth cavity.
- 8. The lungs are located in the chest
- 9. Left lung: Upper lobe Left
- 10. The lungs consist of many alveoli. The
- 11. Artery Bronchiole
- 13. BREATHING: Movement of air into & out.
- 14. REGULATION OF RESPIRATION Inhalation and exhalation
- 15. HEMOGLOBIN Hemoglobin is red color pigment that
- 16. 98% of oxygen is transported by hemoglobin
- 17. In body tissues HbO2 is divided into
- 18. 70% of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate
- 19. 20% of CO2 is transported by hemoglobin
- 22. Section 4 Breathing— Air In, Air Out
- 23. Breathing When you breathe, air pressure gradients
- 24. Breathing During the cycle, the volume of
- 25. Fig. 11.7, p. 200 INWARD BULK FLOW
- 26. Breathing The basic respiratory cycle. To inhale,
- 27. Breathing Another pressure gradient aids the process.
- 28. Breathing How much air is in a
- 29. inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume tidal
- 30. Breathing A residual volume of about 1,200
WHAT IS RESPIRATION Respiration is the exchange of gases between the organism and its environment. In HUMAN BODY the respiratory system and circulatory system cooperate in the transport of gases to
Слайд 2WHAT IS RESPIRATION
Respiration is the exchange of gases between the organism
and its environment.
In HUMAN BODY the respiratory system and circulatory system cooperate in the transport of gases to the cells.
In HUMAN BODY the respiratory system and circulatory system cooperate in the transport of gases to the cells.
Слайд 4The Path of Air
From the nose, air passes through a muscular
tube in the upper throat called the pharynx. The air flows through a passageway for air called the larynx.
Air then passes into the trachea. The trachea divides into two smaller tubes, the bronchi, which lead to the lungs. Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs in clusters of tiny sacs called alveoli.
Air then passes into the trachea. The trachea divides into two smaller tubes, the bronchi, which lead to the lungs. Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs in clusters of tiny sacs called alveoli.
Chapter 38
Слайд 7Pharynx is located behind the mouth cavity. (It serves as a
passageway for both air and food)
Voice box is located in the larynx.
Vocal cords can be controlled to make sounds.
The trachea is divided into two branches that enter into each lung.
Branches is divided into many smaller bronchioles.
Voice box is located in the larynx.
Vocal cords can be controlled to make sounds.
The trachea is divided into two branches that enter into each lung.
Branches is divided into many smaller bronchioles.
Слайд 8The lungs are located in the chest cavity or thorax.
Lungs are
seperated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphram.
Both lungs are surrounded by double layered membrane called pleura.
Both lungs are surrounded by double layered membrane called pleura.
LUNGS
Слайд 9 Left lung: Upper lobe
Left lung: Lower lobe
Right lung: Upper
lobe
Right lung: Middle lobe
Right lung: Lower lobe
Слайд 10The lungs consist of many alveoli.
The alveoli increases the internal surface
area of lungs.
Alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries.
Gases are transported by the blood in all land animals except insects.
respiration of Insects is Trachae
Alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries.
Gases are transported by the blood in all land animals except insects.
respiration of Insects is Trachae
Слайд 13BREATHING: Movement of air into & out. Have 2 phases inhalation
& exhalation.
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION: Exchange of O2 & CO2 between air & blood in lungs.
CIRCULATION: Carrying dissolved gases.
INTERNAL RESPIRATION: Exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood & body cells.
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION: Exchange of O2 & CO2 between air & blood in lungs.
CIRCULATION: Carrying dissolved gases.
INTERNAL RESPIRATION: Exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood & body cells.
PHASIS OF HUMAN RESPIRATION
Слайд 14REGULATION OF RESPIRATION
Inhalation and exhalation are under the control of
the brain and the spinal cord. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles are regularly stimulated by the nerves to contract every 4-5 seconds.
Слайд 15HEMOGLOBIN
Hemoglobin is red color pigment that found in mammals, birds, amphibia,
reptiles, fish, worms, molluscs to carry oxygen and CO2.
There are iron atoms in structure of hemoglobin.
There are iron atoms in structure of hemoglobin.
Слайд 1698% of oxygen is transported by hemoglobin in erythrocytes.
2% of oxygen
is transported by plasma.
Oxygen combines with hemoglobine to form oxyhemoglobin (HbO2). HbO2 molecules combines with K ions.
Oxygen combines with hemoglobine to form oxyhemoglobin (HbO2). HbO2 molecules combines with K ions.
oxygen transport
KHb + O2
Lung capillaries
KHbO2
Слайд 17In body tissues HbO2 is divided into Hb and O2.
Because
O2 concentration is low in body tissues.
And O2 diffuses to body tissue.
And O2 diffuses to body tissue.
KHbO2
KHb + O2
Tissue capillaries
Слайд 18 70% of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate ions.
Carbondioxide Transport
CO2
+ H2O
H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid)
H2CO3
H+ + HCO3- (Bicarbonate ion)
(In the body tissues with action of Carboxylase enzyme)
H+ + HCO3-
H2CO3
H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
In the lungs by
Carboxylase
Слайд 1920% of CO2 is transported by hemoglobin in erythrocytes
Hb + CO2
HbCO2
10% of CO2 is transported in the
plasma.
plasma.
(Carboxyhemoglobin)
Слайд 23Breathing
When you breathe, air pressure gradients reverse in a cycle.
The respiratory
cycle is the continuous in/out ventilation of the lungs and has two phases:
Inspiration (inhalation) draws breath into the airways.
Expiration (exhalation) moves a breath out of the airways.
Inspiration (inhalation) draws breath into the airways.
Expiration (exhalation) moves a breath out of the airways.
Слайд 24Breathing
During the cycle, the volume of the chest cavity increases, then
decreases, and the pressure gradients between the lungs and outside air reverse.
This works because the air in the airways is the
same pressure as the outside atmosphere.
Pressure in the alveoli (intrapulmonary pressure)
is also the same as the outside air.
This works because the air in the airways is the
same pressure as the outside atmosphere.
Pressure in the alveoli (intrapulmonary pressure)
is also the same as the outside air.
Слайд 25Fig. 11.7, p. 200
INWARD BULK
FLOW OF AIR
OUTWARD BULK
FLOW OF AIR
Inhalation
Diaphragm
contracts and moves down. The external intercostal muscles contract and lift the rib cage upward and outward. The lung volume expands.
Exhalation
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles return to the resting positions. Rib cage moves down. Lungs recoil passively.
Слайд 26Breathing
The basic respiratory cycle.
To inhale, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, muscles
lift the rib cage upward and outward, the chest cavity volume increases, internal pressure decreases, air rushes in.
To exhale, the actions listed above are reversed; the elastic lung tissue recoils passively and air flows out of the lungs.
Active exhalation involves contraction of the abdominal muscles to push the diaphragm upward, forcing more air out.
To exhale, the actions listed above are reversed; the elastic lung tissue recoils passively and air flows out of the lungs.
Active exhalation involves contraction of the abdominal muscles to push the diaphragm upward, forcing more air out.
Слайд 27Breathing
Another pressure gradient aids the process.
The lungs are stretched to fill
the thoracic cavity by a slight difference between the intrapulmonary pressure (higher) and the intrapleural pressure (lower).
In a collapsed lung (pneumothorax), air enters the pleural cavity, disrupting the normal expansion and contraction of the lungs.
In a collapsed lung (pneumothorax), air enters the pleural cavity, disrupting the normal expansion and contraction of the lungs.
Слайд 28Breathing
How much air is in a “breath”?
About 500 ml of air
(tidal volume) enters and leaves the lungs with each breath.
A human can forcibly inhale 3,100 ml of air (inspiratory reserve volume) and forcibly exhale 1,200 ml (expiratory reserve volume).
The maximum volume that can be moved in and out is called the vital capacity (4,800 ml for males, 3,800 ml for females).
A human can forcibly inhale 3,100 ml of air (inspiratory reserve volume) and forcibly exhale 1,200 ml (expiratory reserve volume).
The maximum volume that can be moved in and out is called the vital capacity (4,800 ml for males, 3,800 ml for females).
Слайд 29inspiratory
reserve volume
expiratory
reserve volume
tidal volume
vital capacity
total lung capacity
Fig. 11.8, p. 201
time
Lung volume
(milliliters)
6,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
0
residual
volume
Слайд 30Breathing
A residual volume of about 1,200 ml remains in the lungs
and cannot be forced out.
Sometimes food enters the trachea rather than the esophagus; it can be forced out by the Heimlich maneuver, which forces the diaphragm to elevate, pushing air into the trachea to dislodge the obstruction.
Sometimes food enters the trachea rather than the esophagus; it can be forced out by the Heimlich maneuver, which forces the diaphragm to elevate, pushing air into the trachea to dislodge the obstruction.
