G11 Biology 2017-2018
Learning Objective:
To explain the mechanism of passive transport
Calculate the ratio of the surface area to volume ratio and explain their meaning with respect to transport substances.
Success Criteria
Describe types of passive transport in oral or written form.
Explain passive transport mechanism
Calculate the value of SA/V ratio and explain its value regarding substance movement.
Correctly calculate two animals SA/V ratio.
Make right conclusion on movement of two mentioned animals (ex high SA/V ratio of amoeba says that oxygen can reach the center of amoeba, thus is does not require elements of transportation system.
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Passive transport презентация
Содержание
- 1. Passive transport
- 2. Terminology
- 3. Surface Area to Volume SA:V CIE Biology
- 6. Surface Area to Volume SA:V Surface Area Video Practical - (10 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNkP4rycLbI
- 15. SA=6 Vol=1 SA/V=6 SA=24 Vol= 8 SA/Vol=3
- 16. To obtain sufficient oxygen for the demands
- 18. bronchiole alveoli Wall of alveolus
- 19. Summary: Why Surface Area to Volume is
- 20. Passive Transport CIE Biology Jones pp
- 21. Revise: Cell Membrane Cell membrane is semi-
- 22. Two types of transport
- 24. Diffusion moves substance [high] to [low] .
- 25. High Low
- 26. Passive transport uses a concentration gradient The
- 27. We will look at Passive Transport Only
- 28. Passive Transport Movement of molecules High High Low Low
- 29. Simple Diffusion across a Membrane -small molecules
- 30. Facilitated Diffusion Molecules move through proteins in
- 31. solute binds to protein protein changes shape
- 32. Osmosis Involves Water moving across a selectively
- 33. Look at the images and fill in
- 34. Respiration – Gas exchange Lung 1.
- 35. Dialysis – removal of wastes from blood
- 36. Kidney Filtration 3. H2O reabsorption is
- 37. Plant Cells 4. Movement of H2O
- 38. Erythrocytes RBC 5. Movement of H2O in a RBC is _____________
- 39. Placental Exchange of Nutrients, Wastes, Gases 6.
- 40. Gas exchange in Fish Exchange of gases
- 41. Root hair cells Absorb water and minerals
- 42. Glucose Absorption Glucose is a large
- 43. Absorption of Nutrients-Small Intestine 1. Digestion
- 44. Neural Transmission ________________ of neurotransmitter molecules from
- 45. Fill in the Blank Key
- 46. Respiration – Gas exchange Lung 1.
- 47. Dialysis – removal of wastes from blood
- 48. Kidney Filtration 3. H2O reabsorption is
- 49. Plant Cells 4. Movement of H2O
- 50. Erythrocytes RBC 5. Movement of H2O in a RBC is Osmosis
- 51. Placental Exchange of Nutrients, Wastes, Gases 6.
- 52. Gas exchange in Fish Exchange of gases
- 53. Root hair cells Absorb water and minerals
- 54. Glucose Absorption Glucose is a large
- 55. Absorption of Nutrients-Small Intestine 1. Digestion
- 56. Neural Transmission Diffusion of neurotransmitter molecules from
- 57. Video Passive (1min) and active transport
- 58. On back of paper make three columns
- 59. Paramecium Marine Sea Animal Freshwater fish
- 60. Normal state for animal cells Plant wilts
Terminology
Слайд 3Surface Area to Volume SA:V
CIE Biology Jones
pp 79-85
(Not water potential)
G11
Biology 2017-2018
Learning Objective:
Calculate the ratio of the surface area to volume ratio and explain their meaning with respect to transport substances.
Success Criteria
Calculate the value of SA/V ratio and explain its value regarding substance movement.
Correctly calculate two animals SA/V ratio.
Make right conclusion on movement of two mentioned animals (ex high SA/V ratio of amoeba says that oxygen can reach the center of amoeba, thus is does not require elements of transportation system.
Learning Objective:
Calculate the ratio of the surface area to volume ratio and explain their meaning with respect to transport substances.
Success Criteria
Calculate the value of SA/V ratio and explain its value regarding substance movement.
Correctly calculate two animals SA/V ratio.
Make right conclusion on movement of two mentioned animals (ex high SA/V ratio of amoeba says that oxygen can reach the center of amoeba, thus is does not require elements of transportation system.
Слайд 6Surface Area to Volume SA:V
Surface Area Video Practical - (10 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNkP4rycLbI
Слайд 15SA=6
Vol=1
SA/V=6
SA=24
Vol= 8
SA/Vol=3
SA=96
Vol=64
SA/Vol=1.5
What is the consequence of this? Q2 on handout
The larger
an organism, the more exchange has to take place to meet the organism’s needs (larger volume) – but each unit of its volume is supplied by a proportionally decreasing surface area.
For each of the ‘organisms’ above work out the surface area, volume and then surface area to volume ratio. Q1 on handout.
Effect of increase in size
on surface area
Слайд 16To obtain sufficient oxygen for the demands of the cells in
the body organisms need to greatly increase the surface area of the gas exchange surface without significantly increasing volume.
How can an organism increase in volume while still managing to exchange enough nutrients by diffusion?
Answer questions 3 & 4 on handout.
Extension Question on handout:
Dessication/dehydration problems – surface also has a protective function.
D E
SA= 34 SA=28
V = 8 V= 8
SA:V= 4.25 SA:V=3.5
Слайд 19Summary: Why Surface Area to Volume is Important in Living Things.
-
Substances need to be taken in to the cell to fuel reactions and waste products need to be removed
- Increase in cell size leads to increase in chemical reactions ? more substances needed in and more substances needing to be removed
- Surface area affects the rate at which particles enter and exit the cell
- Volume affects the rate of the chemical activities
- When the volume increases so does the surface area but not to the same extent
- As the cell gets larger, its surface area to volume ratio gets smaller
- If the ratio gets too small, particles will not be able to enter and exit the cell fast enough
- Results in accumulation of waste products and overheating of the cell
Слайд 20Passive Transport
CIE Biology Jones
pp 79-85
(Not water potential)
G11 Biology 2017-2018
Learning Objective:
To explain the mechanism of passive transport
Calculate the ratio of the surface area to volume ratio and explain their meaning with respect to transport substances.
Success Criteria
Describe types of passive transport in oral or written form.
Explain passive transport mechanism
Calculate the value of SA/V ratio and explain its value regarding substance movement.
Correctly calculate two animals SA/V ratio.
Make right conclusion on movement of two mentioned animals (ex high SA/V ratio of amoeba says that oxygen can reach the center of amoeba, thus is does not require elements of transportation system.
Learning Objective:
To explain the mechanism of passive transport
Calculate the ratio of the surface area to volume ratio and explain their meaning with respect to transport substances.
Success Criteria
Describe types of passive transport in oral or written form.
Explain passive transport mechanism
Calculate the value of SA/V ratio and explain its value regarding substance movement.
Correctly calculate two animals SA/V ratio.
Make right conclusion on movement of two mentioned animals (ex high SA/V ratio of amoeba says that oxygen can reach the center of amoeba, thus is does not require elements of transportation system.
Слайд 21Revise: Cell Membrane
Cell membrane is semi- or selectively permeable – not
all molecules can pass through.
Carbohydrates
Receptors
Lipid
Bilayer
Proteins
Transport Proteins
Слайд 24Diffusion
moves substance [high] to [low] .
Uses the kinetic energy – from
movement, NO ATP energy.
High
Low
Слайд 26Passive transport uses a concentration gradient
The difference in concentration of a
given molecule between two points is called the concentration gradient.
The larger the gradient, the greater the net movement of the molecules.
Molecules continue to move until equilibrium.
The larger the gradient, the greater the net movement of the molecules.
Molecules continue to move until equilibrium.
Equilibrium
High to Low
(gradient = 0)
High
Low
Слайд 27We will look at Passive Transport Only
Does not require energy
(ATP).
Molecules move [high] to [low].
Three major types:
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Molecules move [high] to [low].
Three major types:
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
High
Low
Слайд 29Simple Diffusion across a Membrane
-small molecules may pass through the
semi- permeable membrane
Gases: N2, O2, CO2
Water
Water: H2O
(passes through the membrane, but will passes faster through an aquaporin, a channel protein that specifically transports water through the membrane)
Gases: N2, O2, CO2
Water
Water: H2O
(passes through the membrane, but will passes faster through an aquaporin, a channel protein that specifically transports water through the membrane)
High
Low
Слайд 30Facilitated Diffusion
Molecules move through proteins in the membrane by the concentration
gradient.
[high] to [low]
No ENERGY (ATP)
[high] to [low]
No ENERGY (ATP)
High
Low
Слайд 31solute binds to protein
protein changes shape
Solute passes through
-solute passes directly through
-no
change of protein shape
Facilitative Diffusion
High
Low
Слайд 32Osmosis
Involves Water moving across a selectively permeable membrane or through through
a aquaporin.
Very important in living organisms.
Very important in living organisms.
High
Low
Слайд 34Respiration – Gas exchange Lung
1. CO2 and O2 gas exchange between
the blood and alveoli of the lungs is _______________ Alveoli are clusters of small clusters of round, hollow, clusters that are a single cell thickness in order to increase the cells ______________________.
Слайд 35Dialysis – removal of wastes from blood
2. Removal of small wastes
by dialysis through
a semipermeable membrane wastes is __________________________
a semipermeable membrane wastes is __________________________
Слайд 36Kidney Filtration
3. H2O reabsorption is __________________
Filtration of NaCl / Urea /
small molecules is ________
Слайд 37
Plant Cells
4. Movement of H2O in a plant is _________. Cells
are small because it increases ___________.
Слайд 39Placental Exchange of Nutrients, Wastes, Gases
6. Exchange of small nutrient molecules,
wastes and gases would be ____________. Larger molecules like glucose would be exchanged by a protein carrier – ___________________, while water need by the fetus would be transported by ______________________.
Слайд 40Gas exchange in Fish
Exchange of gases through the respiratory gills of
fish is ______________, but it is driven (powered) by the movement of water-_______________.
Gills of fish are flat and thin to increase _____________________to increase the rate of the transfer of ions and water, as well as the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, acids and
ammonia
Слайд 41Root hair cells
Absorb water and minerals dissolved in water through ______________
and _______________
Root hairs are thin and long to increase ___________________ for absorption.
Root hairs are thin and long to increase ___________________ for absorption.
Слайд 42Glucose Absorption
Glucose is a large molecule and must use a _________________(carrier
protein) to enter cell.
Слайд 43Absorption of Nutrients-Small Intestine
1. Digestion
Enzymes on lumen wall of small
intestine digest disaccharides into monosaccharide's.
2. Absorption
Monosaccharide's are absorbed into cells of the lumen of the small intestine by _________________
3. Absorption Monosaccharide's leave the intestine to the bloodstream by __________________and enter the blood for distribution throughout the body.
Слайд 44Neural Transmission
________________ of neurotransmitter molecules from vesicles toward the neurotransmitter receptors,
move from and area of high concentration to low concentration.
Слайд 46Respiration – Gas exchange Lung
1. CO2 and O2 gas exchange between
the blood and alveoli of the lungs is Diffusion. Alveoli are clusters of small clusters of round, hollow, clusters that are a single cell thickness in order to increase the cells surface area.
Слайд 47Dialysis – removal of wastes from blood
2. Removal of small wastes
by dialysis through
a semipermeable membrane wastes is Diffusion
a semipermeable membrane wastes is Diffusion
Слайд 48Kidney Filtration
3. H2O reabsorption is Osmosis
Filtration of NaCl / Urea
/ small molecules is Diffusion
Слайд 49
Plant Cells
4. Movement of H2O in a plant is Osmosis. Cells
are small because it increases surface area.
Слайд 51Placental Exchange of Nutrients, Wastes, Gases
6. Exchange of small nutrient molecules,
wastes and gases would be diffusion. Larger molecules like glucose would be exchanged by a protein carrier – facilitated diffusion, while water need by the fetus would be transported by osmosis.
Слайд 52Gas exchange in Fish
Exchange of gases through the respiratory gills of
fish is diffusion, but it is driven (powered) by the movement of water-osmosis.
Gills of fish are flat and thin to increase surface area to increase the rate of the transfer of ions and water, as well as the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, acids and
ammonia
Слайд 53Root hair cells
Absorb water and minerals dissolved in water through diffusion
and osmosis
Root hairs are thin and long to increase surface area for absorption.
Root hairs are thin and long to increase surface area for absorption.
Слайд 54Glucose Absorption
Glucose is a large molecule and must use a facilitated
diffusion (carrier protein) to enter cell.
Слайд 55Absorption of Nutrients-Small Intestine
1. Digestion
Enzymes on lumen wall of small
intestine digest disaccharides into monosaccharide's.
2. Absorption
Monosaccharide's are absorbed into cells of the lumen of the small intestine by facilitative diffusion.
3. Absorption Monosaccharide's leave the intestine to the bloodstream by facilitated diffusion and enter the blood for distribution throughout the body.
Слайд 56Neural Transmission
Diffusion of neurotransmitter molecules from vesicles toward the neurotransmitter receptors,
move from and area of high concentration to low concentration.
Слайд 57Video
Passive (1min) and active transport https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfy92hdaAH0
Membrane proteins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0p1ztrbXPY
Volume of a cube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BRVPOZhGfM
Слайд 58On back of paper make three columns
Diffusion Osmosis
Facilitated Transport
1. Sort out different cards as to which type of transport they best
represent, a few cards may represent more than one type of transport.
2. Write a brief description of each form of transport represented.
3. Restack the cards and return to instructor.
Слайд 59Paramecium
Marine Sea Animal
Freshwater fish
E- Environment
C - Cell
E
C
E
E
C
C
C-Hypertonic
E-Hypotonic water enters
C-Hypotonic
E-Hypertonic water
exits
A. Drink large volumes of water
B. Doesn’t drink water
C. Membrane permeable to water
1. Excrete large volumes of watery urine
2. Gills pump excess salts out of body
3. Contractile vacuole pumps water out
Match!
Слайд 60Normal state for animal cells
Plant wilts
Cell membrane pulls away from cell
wall –plasmolysis
-cell dies
-cell dies
Cell: hypotonic
Environment: hypertonic
Cell shrinks –crenates
-cell dies
Water exits cell
Water exits cell
Cell: hypotonic
Environment: Hypotonic
Cell: hypertonic
Environment: Hypotonic
Cell: hypertonic
Environment: hypotonic
Water enters cell
Water enters cell
No net movement of water.
Isotonic
Isotonic
No net movement of water.
Match!
