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General physiology of the excitable tissues презентация
Содержание
- 1. General physiology of the excitable tissues
- 2. THE RESTING CELL HIGH POTASSIUM LOW SODIUM
- 4. BIOELECTRICITY THE ORIGIN OF THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
- 5. MOBILITY OF IONS DEPENDS ON HYDRATED SIZE
- 6. IONS MOVE WITH THEIR HYDRATION SHELLS -
- 7. ELECTRONEUTRAL DIFFUSSION HIGH SALT CONCEMTRATION LOW
- 8. ELECTRONEUTRAL DIFFUSSION + - CHARGE SEPARATION = ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL
- 9. ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL=CHARGE SEPARATION In water, without a
- 10. THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL M E
- 11. THE ORIGIN OF BIOELECTRICITY POTASSIUM CHANNELS ALLOW
- 12. THE RESTING CELL HIGH POTASSIUM LOW SODIUM
- 14. ACTIVE TRANSPORT ADP ATP
- 15. ACTIVE TRANSPORT REQUIRES AN INPUT OF ENERGY
- 16. EXCITABLE TISSUES NERVE AND MUSCLE VOLTAGE GATED
- 17. THE NERVE CELL
- 18. EXCITABLE TISSUES:THE ACTION POTENTIAL THE MEMBRANE USES
- 19. FOR EACH CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE ACROSS THE
- 20. THE EQUILIBRIUM MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR POTASSIUM IS
- 21. THE EQUILIBRIUM MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR SODIUM IS
- 22. THE RESTING POTENTIAL IS NEAR THE POTASSIUM
- 23. EVENTS DURING EXCITATION DEPOLARIZATION EXCEEDS THRESHOLD
- 24. OPENING THE SODIUM CHANNELS ALLOWS SODIUM TO
- 25. GRADED VS ALL OR NONE A
- 28. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL +++++
- 29. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL +++++
- 30. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL --+++
- 31. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL --------
- 32. SALTATORY CONDUCTION +++++ -------- -------- +++++
- 33. NORMALLY A NERVE IS EXCITED BY A
- 35. THE SYNAPSE JUNCTION BETWEEN TWO NEURONS CHEMICAL
- 36. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES
- 37. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES
- 38. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES
- 39. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES
- 40. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES
- 41. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES
- 42. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES
- 43. POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS RESTING POTENTIAL EPSP TIME
- 44. TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME TOO FAR APART IN TIME: NO SUMMATION
- 45. TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME CLOSER IN
- 46. TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME STILL CLOSER IN TIME: ABOVE THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
- 47. SPATIAL SUMMATION TIME SIMULTANEOUS INPUT FROM TWO SYNAPSES: ABOVE THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
- 48. EPSP-IPSP CANCELLATION
- 49. NEURO TRANSMITTERS ACETYL CHOLINE DOPAMINE NOREPINEPHRINE EPINEPHRINE SEROTONIN HISTAMINE GLYCINE GLUTAMINE GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)
THE RESTING CELL HIGH POTASSIUM LOW SODIUM NA/K ATPASE PUMP RESTING POTENTIAL ABOUT 90 - 120 MV OSMOTICALLY BALANCED (CONSTANT VOLUME)
Слайд 2THE RESTING CELL
HIGH POTASSIUM
LOW SODIUM
NA/K ATPASE PUMP
RESTING POTENTIAL ABOUT 90
- 120 MV
OSMOTICALLY BALANCED (CONSTANT VOLUME)
OSMOTICALLY BALANCED (CONSTANT VOLUME)
Слайд 5MOBILITY OF IONS DEPENDS ON HYDRATED SIZE
IONS WITH SMALLER CRYSTAL RADIUS
HAVE A HIGHER CHARGE DENSITY
THE HIGHER CHARGE DENSITY ATTRACTS MORE WATER OF HYDRATION
THUS THE SMALLER THE CRYSTAL RADIUS, THE LOWER THE MOBILITY IN WATER
THE HIGHER CHARGE DENSITY ATTRACTS MORE WATER OF HYDRATION
THUS THE SMALLER THE CRYSTAL RADIUS, THE LOWER THE MOBILITY IN WATER
Слайд 7ELECTRONEUTRAL DIFFUSSION
HIGH SALT
CONCEMTRATION
LOW SALT
CONCEMTRATION
BARRIER SEPARATES THE
TWO SOLUTIONS
Слайд 9ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL=CHARGE SEPARATION
In water, without a membrane hydrated
Chloride is smaller
than hydrated Sodium,
therefore faster:
therefore faster:
Cl-
Na+
The resulting separation of charge is called an
ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL
+
-
Слайд 10THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
M
E
M
B
R
A
N
E
Extracellular
Fluid
Intracellular
Fluid
Na+
K+
Sodium channel is less open causing sodium to be
slower
Potassium channel is more open causing potassium to be faster
+
-
MEMRANE POTENTIAL
(ABOUT 90 -120 mv)
Слайд 11THE ORIGIN OF BIOELECTRICITY
POTASSIUM CHANNELS ALLOW HIGH MOBILITY
SODIUM CHANNELS LESS OPEN
CHARGE
SEPARATION OCCURS UNTIL BOTH MOVE AT SAME SPEED
STEADY STEADY IS ACHIEVED WITH A CONSTANT MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
STEADY STEADY IS ACHIEVED WITH A CONSTANT MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
Слайд 12THE RESTING CELL
HIGH POTASSIUM
LOW SODIUM
NA/K ATPASE PUMP
RESTING POTENTIAL ABOUT 90
- 120 MV
OSMOTICALLY BALANCED (CONSTANT VOLUME)
OSMOTICALLY BALANCED (CONSTANT VOLUME)
Слайд 15ACTIVE TRANSPORT REQUIRES AN INPUT OF ENERGY
USUALLY IN THE FORM OF
ATP
ATPase IS INVOLVED
SOME ASYMMETRY IS NECESSARY
CAN PUMP UPHILL
ATPase IS INVOLVED
SOME ASYMMETRY IS NECESSARY
CAN PUMP UPHILL
Слайд 16EXCITABLE TISSUES
NERVE AND MUSCLE
VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS
DEPOLARIZATION LESS THAN THRESHOLD IS GRADED
DEPOLARIZATION
BEYOND THRESHOLD LEADS TO ACTION POTENTIAL
ACTION POTENTIAL IS ALL OR NONE
ACTION POTENTIAL IS ALL OR NONE
Слайд 18EXCITABLE TISSUES:THE ACTION POTENTIAL
THE MEMBRANE USES VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS TO SWITCH
FROM A POTASSIUM DOMINATED TO A SODIUM DOMINATED POTENTIAL
IT THEN INACTIVATES AND RETURNS TO THE RESTING STATE
THE RESPONSE IS “ALL OR NONE”
IT THEN INACTIVATES AND RETURNS TO THE RESTING STATE
THE RESPONSE IS “ALL OR NONE”
Слайд 19FOR EACH CONCENTRATION
DIFFERENCE ACROSS THE
MEMBRANE THERE IS AN ELECTRIC
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE WHICH
WILL PRODUCE EQUILIBRIUM.
AT EQUILIBRIUM NO
NET ION FLOW OCCURS
WILL PRODUCE EQUILIBRIUM.
AT EQUILIBRIUM NO
NET ION FLOW OCCURS
EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIALS FOR IONS
Слайд 22THE RESTING POTENTIAL IS NEAR THE POTASSIUM EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIAL
AT REST THE
POTASSIUM CHANNELS ARE MORE OPEN AND THE POTASSIUM IONS MAKE THE INSIDE OF THE CELL NEGATIVE
THE SODIUM CHANNELS ARE MORE CLOSED AND THE SODIUM MOVES SLOWER
THE SODIUM CHANNELS ARE MORE CLOSED AND THE SODIUM MOVES SLOWER
Слайд 23EVENTS DURING EXCITATION
DEPOLARIZATION EXCEEDS THRESHOLD
SODIUM CHANNELS OPEN
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL SHIFTS FROM
POTASSIUM CONTROLLED (-90 MV) TO SODIUM CONTROLLED (+60 MV)
AS MEMBRANE POTENTIAL REACHES THE SODIUM POTENTIAL, THE SODIUM CHANNELS CLOSE AND ARE INACTIVATED
POTASSIUM CHANNELS OPEN TO REPOLARIZE THE MEMBRANE
AS MEMBRANE POTENTIAL REACHES THE SODIUM POTENTIAL, THE SODIUM CHANNELS CLOSE AND ARE INACTIVATED
POTASSIUM CHANNELS OPEN TO REPOLARIZE THE MEMBRANE
Слайд 24OPENING THE SODIUM CHANNELS ALLOWS SODIUM TO RUSH IN
THE MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZES
AND THEN THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL APPROACHES THE SODIUM EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIAL
THIS RADICAL CHANGE IN MEMBRANE POTENTIAL CAUSES THE SODIUM CHANNELS TO CLOSE (INACTIVATION) AND THE POTASSIUM CHANNELS TO OPEN REPOLARIZING THE MEMBRANE
THERE IS A SLIGHT OVERSHOOT (HYPERPOLARIZATION) DUE TO THE POTASSIUM CHANNELS BEING MORE OPEN
THIS RADICAL CHANGE IN MEMBRANE POTENTIAL CAUSES THE SODIUM CHANNELS TO CLOSE (INACTIVATION) AND THE POTASSIUM CHANNELS TO OPEN REPOLARIZING THE MEMBRANE
THERE IS A SLIGHT OVERSHOOT (HYPERPOLARIZATION) DUE TO THE POTASSIUM CHANNELS BEING MORE OPEN
Слайд 25GRADED VS ALL OR NONE
A RECEPTOR’S RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
IS GRADED
IF THRESHOLD IS EXCEEDED, THE ACTION POTENTIAL RESULTING IS ALL OR NONE
IF THRESHOLD IS EXCEEDED, THE ACTION POTENTIAL RESULTING IS ALL OR NONE
Слайд 28PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL
+++++
--------
---------------------
+++++++++++++
AXON MEMBRANE
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
ACTION
POTENTIAL
DEPOLARIZING
CURRENT
Слайд 29PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL
+++++
--------
---------------------
+++++++++++++
AXON MEMBRANE
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
ACTION
POTENTIAL
DEPOLARIZING
CURRENT
Слайд 30PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL
--+++
++------
+++------------------
---++++++++++
AXON MEMBRANE
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
ACTION
POTENTIAL
DEPOLARIZING
CURRENT
Слайд 31PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL
--------
+++++
++++++-------
-----------++++
AXON MEMBRANE
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
ACTION
POTENTIAL
DEPOLARIZING
CURRENT
Слайд 32SALTATORY CONDUCTION
+++++
--------
--------
+++++
AXON MEMBRANE
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
ACTION
POTENTIAL
DEPOLARIZING
CURRENT
MYELIN
NODE OF
RANVIER
NODE OF
RANVIER
Слайд 33NORMALLY A NERVE IS EXCITED BY A SYNAPSE OR BY A
RECEPTOR
MANY NERVES SYNAPSE ON ANY GIVEN NERVE
RECEPTORS HAVE GENERATOR POTENTIALS WHICH ARE GRADED
IN EITHER CASE WHEN THE NERVE IS DEPOLARIZED BEYOND THRESHOLD IT FIRE AN ALL-OR-NONE ACTION POTENTIAL AT THE FIRST NODE OF RANVIER
Слайд 35THE SYNAPSE
JUNCTION BETWEEN TWO NEURONS
CHEMICAL TRANSMITTER
MAY BE 100,000 ON A SINGLE
CNS NEURON
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SUMMATION
CAN BE EXCITATORY OR INHIBITORY
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SUMMATION
CAN BE EXCITATORY OR INHIBITORY
Слайд 36THE SYNAPSE
SYNAPTIC
VESSICLES
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
INCOMING
ACTION
POTENTIAL
CALCIUM
CHANNEL
ION
CHANNEL
RECEPTOR
ENZYME
Слайд 37THE SYNAPSE
SYNAPTIC
VESSICLES
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
INCOMING
ACTION
POTENTIAL
CALCIUM
CHANNEL
ION
CHANNEL
RECEPTOR
ENZYME
Слайд 38THE SYNAPSE
SYNAPTIC
VESSICLES
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
INCOMING
ACTION
POTENTIAL
CALCIUM
CHANNEL
ION
CHANNEL
RECEPTOR
ENZYME
Слайд 39THE SYNAPSE
SYNAPTIC
VESSICLES
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
CALCIUM
CHANNEL
ION
CHANNEL
RECEPTOR
ENZYME
Слайд 40THE SYNAPSE
SYNAPTIC
VESSICLES
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
CALCIUM
CHANNEL
ION
CHANNEL
RECEPTOR
ENZYME
•••
Слайд 41THE SYNAPSE
SYNAPTIC
VESSICLES
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
CALCIUM
CHANNEL
ION
CHANNEL
RECEPTOR
ENZYME
Слайд 42THE SYNAPSE
SYNAPTIC
VESSICLES
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
CALCIUM
CHANNEL
ION
CHANNEL
RECEPTOR
ENZYME
Слайд 49NEURO TRANSMITTERS
ACETYL CHOLINE
DOPAMINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
EPINEPHRINE
SEROTONIN
HISTAMINE
GLYCINE
GLUTAMINE
GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)
