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Cytology, embryology, General histology презентация
Содержание
- 1. Cytology, embryology, General histology
- 2. Definition Tissues -- groups of cells organised
- 3. Please, note and write down: 4 basic
- 4. Please, note and write down:
- 5. Please, note and write down: Covering and
- 6. Characteristics Consists of cells only (there is
- 7. Importance : Epithelium create a selective barrier
- 8. Please, note and write down: Two
- 9. Maine functions protection diffusion or absorption or excretion = exchange
- 10. Another functions transport (along free surface) secretion sensation.
- 11. Characteristics. 3. polarity - cells have
- 12. Shape of cells: Squamous. Cuboidal. Columnar.
- 13. !!! In case of stratified
- 14. Please, note and write down: The morphology
- 15. Simple Squamous Epithelium lines
- 16. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium lines tubules and ducts
- 17. Simple Columnar Lines stomach, intestine. Usuallly
- 18. Pseudostratified Single cell layer All
- 19. Stratified squamous Epithelium Several cell layers thick,
- 20. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Surface cells cuboidal Lie in sweat gland ducts, male urethra
- 21. Stratified Columnar Epithelium Surface cells columnar Line very large ducts of gland, male urethra
- 22. Multilayered Surface cells varying in shape
- 23. Please, note and write down: !! The
- 24. GLANDULAR EPITHELIA - form glands. Function
- 25. GLANDULAR EPITHELIA - Secretion – cyclic process.
- 26. There are two types of gland in
- 27. By cell number Unicellular Ex.: Goblet
- 28. 2 portions of gland: Parenchyma and Stroma
- 29. Two type of secretion of Exocrine
- 31. Classification of Exocrine Glands by type of
- 32. 3 types of secretion mechanism: Merocrine (= eccrine) Apocrine Holocrine
- 33. Merocrine (most common): Secretory granules fuse
- 34. Apocrine (ex.: lactating mammary gland (fat droplet))
- 35. Holocrine - ex: Sebaceous glands of skin
- 37. Mechanisms of Glandular Secretion
- 38. A Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands
- 39. A Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands By
Definition Tissues -- groups of cells organised to perform one or more functions.
Слайд 3Please, note and write down:
4 basic types of tissues:
Epithelial (Epithelium)
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Слайд 4Please, note and write down:
There are two main types of Epithelial
Tissue:
1. Covering and lining
2. Glandular
1. Covering and lining
2. Glandular
Слайд 5Please, note and write down:
Covering and lining epithelia lie on the
free surface:
- cover outer body surfaces (i.e. skin) and
- line inner body surfaces:
-- lumen of hollow organs (i.e. intestine)
-- cavities (i.e. peritoneal cavity),
-- blood vessels,
-- ducts (in glands),
-- tubules (in kidneys).
- cover outer body surfaces (i.e. skin) and
- line inner body surfaces:
-- lumen of hollow organs (i.e. intestine)
-- cavities (i.e. peritoneal cavity),
-- blood vessels,
-- ducts (in glands),
-- tubules (in kidneys).
Слайд 6Characteristics
Consists of cells only (there is no matrix).
Cells tightly appose
in sheets.
Cells rest on the basement membrane.
Note: connective tissue lie under the basement membrane
Cells rest on the basement membrane.
Note: connective tissue lie under the basement membrane
Слайд 7Importance :
Epithelium create a selective barrier between the organism and its
external environment:
any substances must pass through the epithelial cell, not between them.
any substances must pass through the epithelial cell, not between them.
Слайд 8Please, note and write down:
Two types of surface epithelia:
epithelium is simple,
when it is one cell layer thick
and stratified when it is two or more cell layer.
and stratified when it is two or more cell layer.
Слайд 11Characteristics.
3. polarity - cells have 2 surfaces :
the apical or
free surface - towards the lumen or outside world
the basal surface, closest to the basement membrane
4. Epithelia are avascular, do not contain blood vessels, but are nourished by diffusion of substances from capillaries in underlying connective tissue.
5. It is frequently mitotically active
the basal surface, closest to the basement membrane
4. Epithelia are avascular, do not contain blood vessels, but are nourished by diffusion of substances from capillaries in underlying connective tissue.
5. It is frequently mitotically active
Слайд 13
!!! In case of stratified epithelia the second name describes
the shape of the top layer of cells.
Слайд 14Please, note and write down: The morphology of the epithelium correlates with
its function:
- Epithelia involved in secretion or absorption are typically simple.
-- Stratified epithelia usually impermeable and protective
Слайд 15 Simple Squamous Epithelium
lines blood vessels (endothelium), closed body cavities
(mesothelium), alveoli in the lungs
Function: controls diffusion, osmosis and filtration
Function: controls diffusion, osmosis and filtration
Слайд 17Simple Columnar
Lines stomach, intestine.
Usuallly has microvilli = finger-like projections of
cell membrane
Function – absorption.
Function – absorption.
Слайд 18 Pseudostratified
Single cell layer
All cells attach to basement membrane but
not all reach free surface
Nuclei at varying depths
Nuclei at varying depths
Слайд 19Stratified squamous Epithelium
Several cell layers thick,
Surface cells flat
2 types:
Keratinized =
surface cells dead and filled with keratin
Example - Skin
Nonkeratinized = no keratin in moist, living cells at apical surface
Example - Cornea
Example - Skin
Nonkeratinized = no keratin in moist, living cells at apical surface
Example - Cornea
Слайд 21Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Surface cells columnar
Line very large ducts of gland, male
urethra
Слайд 22Multilayered
Surface cells varying in shape from round to flat if
stretched
Lines hollow organs of the urinary tract that expand from within
Lines hollow organs of the urinary tract that expand from within
Transitional Epithelium
Слайд 23Please, note and write down: !! The morphology of an epithelium often
correlates with its function:
- Epithelia involved in secretion or absorption are typically simple.
The height of the cell often reflects the level of secretory or absorptive activity.
-- Stratification of the epithelium usually correlates with impermeability and protection
Слайд 24GLANDULAR EPITHELIA
- form glands.
Function – secretion = synthesis and releasing
of substances.
Слайд 25GLANDULAR EPITHELIA
- Secretion – cyclic process.
4 phases:
1. diffusion of metabolites
into the cell
2. synthesis proper
3. releasing of substances from the cell
4. cell restoration
2. synthesis proper
3. releasing of substances from the cell
4. cell restoration
Слайд 26There are two types of gland in the body: exocrine and
endocrine.
Exocrine glands secrete through ducts or directly onto an surface (skin or cavity of inner organs).
Endocrine secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
Слайд 27By cell number
Unicellular
Ex.: Goblet cell
secrete mucus and lubricate small
and large intestine, respiratory tract
Multicellular
Multicellular
Слайд 282 portions of gland: Parenchyma and Stroma
Parenchyma - the epithelial,
secreting cells of the gland which perform the gland's essential function.
Stroma - supporting cellular framework of connective tissue which contains blood vessels and nerves and gives structure to the gland.
Stroma - supporting cellular framework of connective tissue which contains blood vessels and nerves and gives structure to the gland.
Слайд 29Two type of secretion
of Exocrine Glands
Mucous - viscous, slimy
(mucus
lines and lubricates cavities of all inner hollow organs)
Serous - watery
Ex.: exocrine pancreas (enzymes), sweet gland,
Fluid in serous cavities, joints.
Serous - watery
Ex.: exocrine pancreas (enzymes), sweet gland,
Fluid in serous cavities, joints.
Слайд 31Classification of Exocrine Glands by type of secretion
3. Mixed (Seromucous)
Ex.:
Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands; trachea and bronchi.
Слайд 33Merocrine (most common):
Secretory granules fuse with the apical plasma membrane
and are secreted into the lumen of the gland.
Слайд 34Apocrine
(ex.: lactating mammary gland (fat droplet))
small portion of apical cytoplasm with
secretory granules is pinched off
Слайд 35Holocrine - ex: Sebaceous glands of skin
the cell fills with its
secretory product (lipids),
dies and disintegrates, releasing its product.
dies and disintegrates, releasing its product.
Слайд 39A Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands
By branching of duct exocrine glands
may be: simple (b-) or compound (b+)
By shape of secretory ends – tubular or alveolar (acinar)
By branching of secretory ends exocrine glands may be: branched (b+) or non-branched (b-)
By shape of secretory ends – tubular or alveolar (acinar)
By branching of secretory ends exocrine glands may be: branched (b+) or non-branched (b-)
