Ministry of Education and Science
Kazakh Abylaikhan University of International Relations and World Languages
Prepared by Ismailova D. 212g
Checked by Abil’khanova I.B.
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The problem of Singular and Plural Semantics of Different groups of Nouns презентация
Содержание
- 1. The problem of Singular and Plural Semantics of Different groups of Nouns
- 3. The noun class can be subdivided into
- 4. Characteristics of Nouns
- 5. Singular vs. Plural A singular noun names
- 6. Some nouns that end in f or
- 7. Some nouns become a new word when
- 8. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: 2.
- 9. Add ies to make nouns plural that
- 10. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: 3. For
- 11. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: For some
- 12. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: These are
- 13. Some nouns that end in o change
- 14. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: 6.
- 15. Some nouns do not change at all
- 16. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: 7.
- 17. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: 8. A few nouns have only plural forms.
- 18. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: 9. A
- 19. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: Compound Nouns
- 20. Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
- 21. Generalizations for forming plural nouns: 11. Letters,
- 22. The problem of Singular and Plural Semantics
The noun class can be subdivided into the following semantic subclasses: Noun
Proper Common (Tom) Uncountable Countable Abstract Concrete Abstract Concrete (hate) (thought) Collective Mass Collective Individual
Слайд 1The problem of Singular and Plural Semantics of Different groups of
Nouns
Слайд 3The noun class can be subdivided into the following semantic subclasses:
Noun
Proper Common
(Tom)
Uncountable Countable
Abstract Concrete Abstract Concrete
(hate) (thought)
Collective Mass Collective Individual
proper (milk) improper
(crew)
Animate Inanimate Animate Inanimate
(vermin) (furniture) (toy)
Personal Non-personal
(child) (dog)
Слайд 5Singular vs. Plural
A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or
idea.
One cat, one store, one item
A plural noun names two or more persons, places, things, or ideas.
Two cats, four stores, fifteen items
One cat, one store, one item
A plural noun names two or more persons, places, things, or ideas.
Two cats, four stores, fifteen items
Слайд 8Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
2. For nouns ending with s, x,
z, sh, or ch, add es.
Слайд 10Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
3. For nouns ending with a consonant
and y, change the y to i and add es. For nouns ending with a vowel and y, add s.
Слайд 11Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
For some nouns ending with f or
fe, add s. For others, change the f to v and add s or es. (You will need to memorize the spellings for such words or look them up in a dictionary to check.
Слайд 12Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
These are a little more tricky .
. .
5. For nouns that end with o, add s or es. (Again, you would need to memorize the spellings of such words or look them up in a dictionary to double-check.)
—One trick to remember: if it has to do with sound (“music”), just add s.—Ex: cello. piano, radio
5. For nouns that end with o, add s or es. (Again, you would need to memorize the spellings of such words or look them up in a dictionary to double-check.)
—One trick to remember: if it has to do with sound (“music”), just add s.—Ex: cello. piano, radio
Слайд 13Some nouns that end in o change to es when made
plural. Some change to s:
kangaroo
kangaroos
potato
potatoes
Слайд 14Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
6. Some nouns have irregular plural forms.
You will have to memorize the spelling for irregular plurals.
Слайд 16Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
7. A few nouns have the same
singular and plural forms.
Слайд 18Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
9. A few nouns that end with
s look plural but are considered singular.
Слайд 19Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
Compound Nouns
For most compound nouns, make the
most important word plural.
For a compound noun written as one word, make the last part plural.
For a compound noun written with hyphens or as separate words, make the key word plural.
For a compound noun written as one word, make the last part plural.
For a compound noun written with hyphens or as separate words, make the key word plural.
Слайд 20Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
One word compound nouns
Hyphenated compound nouns
Separate words
Слайд 21Generalizations for forming plural nouns:
11. Letters, numbers, symbols, and words used
as words are made plural by adding an apostrophe (‘) and s.
Слайд 22The problem of Singular and Plural Semantics of Different groups of
Nouns
Plural nouns cause two major problems in formal writing.
First, class- or group-nouns like "army," "audience," and "student body" are technically singular, even though they refer to a plurality of individuals. They should be treated as singular:
• The Senate, as a rule, makes its opinion known to all.
• The board has voted to fire and replace its Chair.
• If the navy forces its way inside the harbor, it will overwhelm us.
"People" constitutes an exception to this rule. Although it is grammatically singular, it is treated as a plural: "The people of Italy elect officials to represent them."
The second problem is that some words called "non-count" nouns do not normally use a plural form: rain, weather, foliage, milk, courage, outer space, and many others. To pluralize non-count words it is necessary to add a word that signifies a unit or measurement of quantity.
