Презентация на тему Parts of speech

traditional classification of the English vocabulary
2 Notional

and functional parts of speech.
3 The field structure of the English vocabulary.
4 New approaches to the vocabulary classification

(meaning)
Formal (form)

derivational features
a set of grammatical
categories
Functional (function) function in the sentence
combinability

(N, V, Adv, Adj, Pron, Num)
Functional parts of speech
(art, prep, conj, part, modal words, interj)
V.Vinogradov: notional parts of speech
(N, V, Adv, Adj, Pron, Num, the category of state (alone, alive,ashore)
Functional: particles proper, linking particles, prepositions,conjunctions)

N,V,Adv,Adj
pronominal words (substitutes of names):
pronouns, numbers,

words of broad semantcs (“do”, ”thing” etc. )
Functional words: prep, conj, particles, determiners etc.

the morphological properties into
declinables (N, Adj, V)

and indeclinables (Adv, Prep, Conj, Interj).
on the basis of the syntactic functioning of definite classes of words into
nominal words (noun-words) include noun-pronouns, noun-numerals, infinitives, gerunds;
adjective words include adjective pronouns, adjective numerals, particles;
verb group includes personal forms and verbals.

indications: morphological form and word-order
(the

group which has formal indications of word-changing (N, V, Adj, Adv)
and the group which has no such indications. nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs
Sledda distinguishes inflectional (nominals, verbals, adjectivals, adverbials) and positional classes. He also adds 8 smaller classes here: auxiliary verbs, determiners, prepositions conjunctions and different classes of pronouns.

the lexical meaning and morphological function of

the word in the phrase.

(The theory of three ranks)
primary word (Adj + N) e.g. a barking dog
secondary word (Adj + N) - a barking dog
tertiary words: a furiously barking dog
In the junction we find primaries and adjuncts, subjuncts
In the sentence I see a dog we find nexus (I see) and adnex (a dog)

parts of speech
1 The lexical meaning is

bright and distinct
2 They аre open classes

3 They perform certain functions in the sentence
4 They form the "Lexical Paradigm of Nomination“

1 The lexical meaning is very general and weak;
2 they are closed systems (include a limited number of members);
3 function as linking and specifying words.
4 They have obligatory combinability;

fancy - fanciful - fancifully
To decide

– decision – decisive – decisively
Beauty – to beautify – beautiful - beautifully
an end - to end -final - finally" (lexemic suppletivity),
gratitude - grateful - gratefully - to ex­press gratitude (phrasemic suppletivity).
one, it, they … - to do, to make, to act … - such, same, similar … - thus, so, there…