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English Word Formation презентация
Содержание
- 1. English Word Formation
- 2. Types of Word Formation Compounding Prefixation Suffixation Conversion Clipping Blends Backformation Acronyms Onomatopoeia Eponyms Toponyms
- 3. 1. Compounding Definition: Two or more words
- 4. Compound Nouns Boyfriend, hatchback Cut-throat, breakfast
- 5. Compound Verbs Carbon-copy, sky-dive Fine-tune Overbook
- 6. Compound Adjectives Capital-intensive Deaf-mute Coffee-table Roll-neck
- 7. 2. Prefixation Class-changing prefixes: a- ? asleep ?
- 8. 3. Suffixation Suffixes forming Nouns N from
- 9. 4. Conversion Definition: Assigning an already existing
- 10. 5. Clipping Definition: Shortening a polysyllabic word
- 11. 6. Blends Definition: Similar to compounds, but
- 12. 7. Back-formations Definition: Creative reduction due to
- 13. 8. Acronyms Definition: Words derived from the
- 14. 9. Onomatopoeia Definition: Words created to sound
- 15. 10. Eponyms Definition: a person after whom
- 16. 11. Toponyms Definition: a place name, especially
- 17. That's all... See you next week. Deny A. Kwary http://www.kwary.net Airlanga University
Types of Word Formation Compounding Prefixation Suffixation Conversion Clipping Blends Backformation Acronyms Onomatopoeia Eponyms Toponyms
Слайд 2Types of Word Formation
Compounding
Prefixation
Suffixation
Conversion
Clipping
Blends
Backformation
Acronyms
Onomatopoeia
Eponyms
Toponyms
Слайд 31. Compounding
Definition: Two or more words joined together to form a
new word.
Examples:
Home + work ? homework
Pick + pocket ? pickpocket
The meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meanings of its parts.
Types of compounds:
Compound nouns
Compound verbs
Compound adjectives
Examples:
Home + work ? homework
Pick + pocket ? pickpocket
The meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meanings of its parts.
Types of compounds:
Compound nouns
Compound verbs
Compound adjectives
Слайд 4Compound Nouns
Boyfriend, hatchback
Cut-throat, breakfast
Sunshine, birth control
Software, fast food
In-crowd, overkill
Drop-out, put-on
Noun
+ Noun
Verb + Noun
Noun + Verb
Adjective + Noun
Particle + Noun
Verb + Particle
Verb + Noun
Noun + Verb
Adjective + Noun
Particle + Noun
Verb + Particle
Слайд 5Compound Verbs
Carbon-copy, sky-dive
Fine-tune
Overbook
Bad-mouth
Noun + Verb
Adjective + Verb
Particle + Verb
Adjective +
Noun
Слайд 6Compound Adjectives
Capital-intensive
Deaf-mute
Coffee-table
Roll-neck
White-collar
Before-tax
Go-go
Noun + Adjective
Adjective + Adjective
Noun + Noun
Verb + Noun
Adjective
+ Noun
Particle + Noun
Verb-verb
Particle + Noun
Verb-verb
Слайд 72. Prefixation
Class-changing prefixes:
a- ? asleep ? V to Adj
be- ? bewitch ? N to V
en- ? enslave ?
N to V
Class-maintaining prefixes:
in- ? indefinite ? Adj to Adj
fore- ? foreman ? N to N
Etc.
Class-maintaining prefixes:
in- ? indefinite ? Adj to Adj
fore- ? foreman ? N to N
Etc.
Слайд 83. Suffixation
Suffixes forming Nouns
N from N: -dom ? kingdom
N from V:
-ee ? employee
N from Adj: -ce ? dependence
Suffixes forming Verbs
V from N: -ify ? beautify
V from Adj: -en ? shorten
Suffixes forming adjectives
Adj from N: -al ? educational
Adj from V: -able ? understandable
Adj from Adj: -ish ? greenish
Suffixes forming Adverbs: -ly, -ward, and –wise.
N from Adj: -ce ? dependence
Suffixes forming Verbs
V from N: -ify ? beautify
V from Adj: -en ? shorten
Suffixes forming adjectives
Adj from N: -al ? educational
Adj from V: -able ? understandable
Adj from Adj: -ish ? greenish
Suffixes forming Adverbs: -ly, -ward, and –wise.
Слайд 94. Conversion
Definition: Assigning an already existing word to a new syntactic
category.
Types of Conversion
Verb to Noun: to hit ? a hit
Adj to N: a final game ? a final
N to V: a sign ? to sign
Adj to V: an empty box ? to empty
Types of Conversion
Verb to Noun: to hit ? a hit
Adj to N: a final game ? a final
N to V: a sign ? to sign
Adj to V: an empty box ? to empty
Слайд 105. Clipping
Definition: Shortening a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more
syllables
Examples:
Gasoline ? Gas
Hamburger ? Burger
Examples:
Gasoline ? Gas
Hamburger ? Burger
delicatessen ?
microphone ?
deli
mike
Слайд 116. Blends
Definition: Similar to compounds, but parts of the words are
deleted.
Examples:
Motor + hotel ? Motel
Breakfast + lunch ? Brunch
Wireless + Fidelity ?
Sheep + goat ?
Examples:
Motor + hotel ? Motel
Breakfast + lunch ? Brunch
Wireless + Fidelity ?
Sheep + goat ?
Wi-fi
Shoat
Слайд 127. Back-formations
Definition: Creative reduction due to incorrect morphological analysis.
Examples:
editor (1649)
? edit (1791)
television (1907)
? televise (1927)
Paramedical (1921)
? paramedic (1967)
Слайд 138. Acronyms
Definition: Words derived from the initial letters of several words
and use them as a new word
Examples:
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treats
? SWOT
Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
? SCUBA
Examples:
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treats
? SWOT
Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
? SCUBA
Слайд 1510. Eponyms
Definition: a person after whom a discovery, invention, place, etc.,
is named.
Examples:
Celcius (Anders Celcius)
Cook Islands (James Cook)
Examples:
Celcius (Anders Celcius)
Cook Islands (James Cook)
Слайд 1611. Toponyms
Definition: a place name, especially one derived from a topographical
feature.
Examples:
Montana (‘mountains’ in Spanish)
Mississippi (‘big river’ in Chippewa)
Examples:
Montana (‘mountains’ in Spanish)
Mississippi (‘big river’ in Chippewa)
