Why do foreigners nearly always sound wrong? презентация

school subject with no recognised social function or status
Little or no exposure to L2 outside classroom
No real communication outside classroom → Artificial (classroom) communication

TESL vs TEFL

Teaching English as a Second Language
(TESL/TESOL)

Teaching English as a Foreign Language
(TEFL)

Second Language Acquisition

Taught in English speaking country or country where English has special communicative or sociopolitical status
Exposure to L2 outside classroom
L2 needed for real communication outside classroom

from authentic English language
culture

share different frame of conceptualisation and
discourse patterns

usually act in communication according to their
native interactive schemata

Non-native Speakers lack socio-culturally conditioned pragmatic competence

EFL CONTEXT

in English
by Russian speakers - 134

Миша и Леночка!
От всего сердца поздравляем вас с наступающим Новым Годом и предстоящим Рождеством! Желаем вам крепкого здоровья, удачи, успехов и радости!
Пусть целый год вам сопутствует счастье!
Оля, Саша, Лида

To Gill and Pete

With best wishes
for Christmas
and the New Year

love xx
Rosalind, Mike & Charlie

Russian New Year/Christmas card

British Christmas/New Year card

тебя с Днем рождения! Желаем здоровья, благополучия, оптимизма и удачи во всех делах! Оставайся всегда такой красивой, энергичной, чуткой и отзывчивой, какой мы тебя знаем!
Обнимаем, с уважением,
Микеровы

To Gill


Wishing you a very Happy
Birthday. I’ll be thinking
of you on July 26.


Much love
Ted

Russian Birthday card

British Birthday card

towards certain conventions and practices)
Circumstances of communication
When to write
Who to write
Norms of discourse organisation
What to write (content)
How to write (conventional linguistic forms and their communicative meaning)
Text structure (salutation + greeting + closing + signature)
Text layout
Punctuation
Paragraph spacing
Alignment

Pragmatic Differences Important for Communication

рождения! Желаем здоровья, благополучия, оптимизма и удачи во всех делах! Оставайся всегда такой красивой, энергичной, чуткой и отзывчивой, какой мы тебя знаем!
Обнимаем, с уважением,
Микеровы

RUSSIAN speaker of ENGLISH

Andrew

Happy birthday and
every good wish for
good health, happiness
and success in the year
to come

from
Gillian and Kelly

Dear Tom!
I’m glad to congratulate you on this wonderful day! You’re 25 today!
I wish you good luck and good mood during your whole life!
Happy birthday to you!
Your Natalya

ENGLISH

and interaction patterns to similar communicative situations in the target language culture

Pragmatic transfer :

to correctly identify or express the conventional meaning of linguistic forms
related to mistaken beliefs about the language

SOCIOPRAGMATIC TRANSFERS

cause errors resulting from the failure to identify the situation correctly
related to mistaken beliefs about the norms of behaviour in the society

result in inappropriate language use

NORMS

LANGUAGE SPECIFIC CULTURE SPECIFIC

PRAGMALINGUISTIC SOCIOPRAGMATIC
TRANSFERS TRANSFERS


FAILURE TO IDENTIFY FAILURE TO IDENTIFY
OR EXPRESS SITUATION CORRECTLY
MEANING CORRECTLY




DEAL WITH MISTAKEN BELIEFS DEAL WITH MISTAKEN BELIEFS
ABOUT THE LANGUAGE ABOUT THE NORMS OF BEHAVIOUR
IN SOCIETY




BOTH RESULT IN
INAPPROPRIATE LANGUAGE USE

Pragmatic transfers

native rules, values, beliefs and knowledge schemata
As a result their communication style in the target language remains “unauthentic” and deviates from the “normal” communication style and expectations accepted in the target language culture(s)
Grammatically correct but pragmatically problematic expressions produced by non-native speakers can be misleading and cause communication failure

Pragmatic transfers in non-native speakers