US legal system презентация

of the United States, shall be vested in the supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time establish”.

courts

appeal;
rules in cases in which
someone claims there has
been a violation of the
US Constitution;
hears a select number of
cases that may have
originated either in lower
federal courts or in state courts

12 regional circuits, and each circuit has a court of appeals.
These courts hear appeals from within their respective districts as well as from federal administrative agencies.
The circuit courts also hear appeals in specialized cases such as those involving patent or trademark laws; those decided by the U.S. Court of International Trade and those decided by the U.S. Court of Federal Claims
From these appellate courts, cases could be appealed to the Supreme Court, the highest court in the federal system.

be juries who hear cases and render verdicts;
These courts hear both civil and criminal cases.

military court-martial (when a person who is in the military commits a crime they can be tried and punished by the military courts).
Court of International Trade
The Court of International Trade hears cases involving appeals of rulings of U.S. Customs offices.
Court of Claims
The Court of Claims hears cases in which the U.S. Government is sued.

of courts, including a state supreme court, to deal with civil, criminal and appellate proceedings. There are also county and city courts. Even many of the smallest villages, those in which only a few hundred people live, have a local judge, called a “justice of the peace”, who handles minor legal matters.

and hundreds of thousands of court workers

U.S. Court of Appeals – Апелляционный суд США (высшая судебная инстанция в ряде штатов США и федеральном округе Колумбия);
The U.S. District courts – Федеральный районный суд(федеральный суд первой инстанции в США);
to vest in / with – наделять правом, давать права, облекать;
to be vested in – принадлежать (о власти);
to be vested with – пользоваться властью, правом;
an inferior court – нижестоящий суд;
The Framers – «отцы», творцы Конституции США;
to hear cases – рассматривать дела;
to render verdicts – выносить вердикт;

в книге записей, в списке дел к слушанию;
a court decision/ruling – решение суда;
to halt – остановить, приостановить;
void – недействительный, не имеющий юр.силы;
beneath – ниже, под;
сircuit = judicial circuit – судебный округ;
circuit court – окружной суд;
monetary claims – денежные претензии;
federal claims – американский иск на основе федерального права;
eminent domain –право государства на принудительное отчуждение частной собственности;
court of Military Appeals – военно-апелляционный суд;
court of International Trade – Внешнеторговый суд (высшая инстанция в США, рассматривающая дела о нарушениях федеральных законов о внешней торговле);
court of Claims – претензионный суд (суд для рассмотрения исков в США);
justice of the peace – мировой судья;