From Hubs to VLANs презентация

Содержание

1. From Hubs to VLANs
2. Using Hubs Layer 1 devices Inexpensive In
3. This is fine for small workgroups, but
4. What if the computers were on two
5. Same issues as before, with more of
6. Using Switches Layer 2 devices Moderate expense
7. Switch and Hub Network Ÿ One Network
8. Switch and Hub Network Ÿ One Network
9. Switch and Hub Network Ÿ One Network
10. Switch and Hub Network Ÿ One Network
11. Other Switching Features Review Asymmetric ports: 10
12. Ports between switches and server ports are
13. Introducing Multiple Subnets/Networks without Routers Switches are
14. All Switched Network - Two Networks Ÿ
15. All Switched Network - Two Networks Ÿ
16. One Solution: Physically separate the subnets. But
17. Introducing Multiple Subnets/Networks with Routers Switches are
18. Routed Networks Ÿ Two Subnets Ÿ Several
19. Switches with multiple subnets So far this
20. Routed Networks Ÿ Two Subnets Ÿ Communication
21. Router-on-a-stick Advantages Useful when there are limited
22. Gotcha’s 1. Remember to have the proper
23. Routed Networks Ÿ Two Subnets Ÿ Communication
24. One switch two subnets: Good News: Data
25. An ARP Request from 172.30.1.21 for 172.30.1.23
26. Introducing VLANs VLANs create separate broadcast domains
27. Two VLANs Ÿ Two Subnets Switch
28. Port-centric VLAN Switches Remember, as the Network
29. Catalyst 1900 - VLAN Membership Configuration
30. Layer 2 broadcast control: Without VLANs, the
31. Two VLANs Ÿ Two Subnets Switch
33. Two VLANs Ÿ Two Subnets Switch
34. Gotcha’s Remember that VLAN IDs (numbers) are
35. Routing and VLANs In the previous example
36. VLANs Ÿ Two Subnets Ÿ Communication between
37. Gotcha’s 1. Remember to have the proper
38. Switch
39. So, what’s the difference? One of the
40. Here is an ARP Request example without
41. Here is an ARP Request example with
42. Can I use the Router-on-a-stick method with
43. Routed Networks Ÿ Two Subnets Ÿ Communication
44. With Router-on-a-stick, ISL or 802.1Q trunking is
45. Non-tagging Switches Lets first see
46. 100BaseT Ports Port 1 = VLAN 1
47. Advantages Each VLAN gets its own dedicated

Using Hubs Layer 1 devices Inexpensive In one port, out the others One collision domain One broadcast domain

Слайд 1From Hubs to VLANs

Слайд 2Using Hubs
Layer 1 devices
Inexpensive
In one port, out the others
One collision domain
One

broadcast domain

Слайд 3This is fine for small workgroups, but does not scale well

for larger workgroups or heavy traffic.

Hub 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.22

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.24

255.255.255.0

Single Hub

One Network (IP Network Address - usually)

One Collision Domain

One Broadcast Domain

Слайд 4What if the computers were on two different subnets? Could they

communicate within their own subnet? Yes Between subnets? No, need a router.

Single Hub - Two subnets

Two subnets

One Collision Domain

One Broadcast Domain

Hub 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.22

172.30.1.23

172.30.1.24

255.255.255.0

Слайд 5Same issues as before, with more of an impact on the

network.

All Hubs

One Network Address

One Collision Domain

One Broadcast Domain

Hub 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.22

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

Hub 2

172.30.1.24

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.25

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.26

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.27

255.255.255.0

Слайд 6Using Switches
Layer 2 devices
Moderate expense for common access switches, but can

be very expensive.
Layer 2 filtering based on Destination MAC addresses and Source Address Table
One collision domain per port
One broadcast domain

Слайд 7Switch and Hub Network
Ÿ
One Network
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch port
Ÿ
One for

the entire Hub

One Broadcast Domain

Hub

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.22

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

Switch

172.30.1.24

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.25

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.26

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.27

255.255.255.0

Two virtual circuits: (complete SAT tables)
Data traffic from 172.30.1.24 to 172.30.1.25
and from 172.30.1.26 to 172.30.1.27

Слайд 8Switch and Hub Network
Ÿ
One Network
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch port
Ÿ
One for

the entire Hub

One Broadcast Domain

Hub

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.22

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

Switch

172.30.1.24

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.25

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.26

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.27

255.255.255.0

As opposed to the Hub:
Data traffic from 172.30.1.21 to 172.30.1.22
and from 172.30.1.23 to 172.30.1.24

Collision!

Слайд 9Switch and Hub Network
Ÿ
One Network
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch port
Ÿ
One for

the entire Hub

One Broadcast Domain

Hub

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.22

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

Switch

172.30.1.24

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.25

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.26

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.27

255.255.255.0

Collisions and Switches:
What happens when two devices on a switch, send data to another device on the switch.
172.30.1.24 to 172.30.1.25 and 172.30.1.26 to 172.30.1.25

Слайд 10Switch and Hub Network
Ÿ
One Network
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch port
Ÿ
One for

the entire Hub

One Broadcast Domain

Hub

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.22

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

Switch

172.30.1.24

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.25

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.26

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.27

255.255.255.0

The switch keeps the frames in buffer memory, and queues the traffic for the host 172.30.1.25. This means that the sending hosts do not know about the collisions and do not have to re-send the frames.

Frames in buffer

Слайд 11Other Switching Features
Review
Asymmetric ports: 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps
Full-duplex ports
Cut-through versus

Store-and-Forward switching

Слайд 12Ports between switches and server ports are good candidates for higher

bandwidth ports (100 Mbps) and full-duplex ports.

All Switched Network

One Network

Several Collision Domains

One per switch port

One Broadcast Domain

Switch 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.22

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

Switch 2

172.30.1.25

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.26

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.27

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.28

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.24

255.255.255.0

Слайд 13Introducing Multiple Subnets/Networks without Routers
Switches are Layer 2 devices
Router are Layer

3 devices
Data between subnets/networks must pass through a router.

Слайд 14All Switched Network - Two Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch

port

One Broadcast Domain

Switch 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

Switch 2

172.30.1.25

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.14

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.27

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.16

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

A Switched Network with two subnets:
What are the issues? Can data travel within the subnet? Yes Can data travel between subnets? No, need a router! What is the impact of a layer 2 broadcast, like an ARP Request?

ARP Request

Слайд 15All Switched Network - Two Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch

port

One Broadcast Domain

Switch 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

Switch 2

172.30.1.25

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.14

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.27

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.16

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

All devices see the ARP Request. One broadcast domain means the switches flood all broadcast out all ports, except the incoming port. Switches have no idea of the layer 3 information contained in the ARP Request. This consumes bandwidth on the network and processing cycles on the hosts.

Слайд 16One Solution:
Physically separate the subnets. But still no data can travel

between the subnets. How can we get the data to travel between the two subnets?

Two Switched Networks

Two Subnets

Several Collision Domains

One per switch port

Two Broadcast Domain

Switch 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.25

255.255.255.0

Switch 2

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.14

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.16

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.26

255.255.255.0

Слайд 17Introducing Multiple Subnets/Networks with Routers
Switches are Layer 2 devices
Router are Layer

3 devices
Data between subnets/networks must pass through a router.

Слайд 18Routed Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch port
Ÿ
Communication between subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0

172.30.1.25
255.255.255.0

Switch

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.14

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.16

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.26

255.255.255.0

Router

172.30.1.1

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.1

255.255.255.0

Routed Network:
Two separate broadcast domains, because the router will not forward the layer 2 broadcasts such as ARP Requests.

Слайд 19Switches with multiple subnets
So far this should have been a review.
Let’s

see what happens when we have two subnets on a single switch and we want to route between the two subnets.

Слайд 20Routed Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Communication between subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0

Router
172.30.1.1
172.30.2.1 sec
255.255.255.0
Router-on-a-stick:
When a single interface is

used to route between subnets or networks, this is known as a router-on-a-stick. To assign multiple ip addresses to the same interface, secondary addresses or subinterfaces are used.

interface e 0
ip address 172.30.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip address 172.30.2.1 255.255.255.0 secondary

Слайд 21Router-on-a-stick
Advantages
Useful when there are limited Ethernet interfaces on the router.

Disadvantage
Because a

single link is used to connect multiple subnets, one link is having to carry the traffic for multiple subnets.
Be sure this is link can handle the traffic. You may wish to use a high-speed link (100 Mbps) and full-duplex.

Слайд 22Gotcha’s
1. Remember to have the proper default gateway set for each

Слайд 23Routed Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Communication between subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0

Router
172.30.1.1
255.255.255.0
172.30.2.1
255.255.255.0
Multiple interfaces:
Two Ethernet router ports may

be used instead of one. However this may be difficult if you do not have enough Ethernet ports on your router.

Слайд 24One switch two subnets:
Good News: Data can travel between subnets and

we have two separate broadcast domains. Bad News: Hosts are on different subnets but on a single layer 2 broadcast domain.

Routed Networks

Two Subnets

Communication between subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

Router

172.30.1.1

172.30.2.1 sec

255.255.255.0

ARP Request

Слайд 25An ARP Request from 172.30.1.21 for 172.30.1.23 will still be seen

by all hosts on the switch. The switch is a layer 2 device and will flood broadcast traffic out all ports, except the incoming port.

Routed Networks

Two Subnets

Communication between subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

Router

172.30.1.1

172.30.2.1 sec

255.255.255.0

Слайд 26Introducing VLANs
VLANs create separate broadcast domains
Routers are needed to pass information

between different VLANs
VLANs are not necessary to have separate subnets on a switched network, but as we will see they give us more advantages when it comes to things like data link (layer 2) broadcasts.

Слайд 27Two VLANs
Ÿ
Two Subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2
Layer 2 broadcast control:
An

ARP Request from 172.30.1.21 for 172.30.1.23 will only be seen by hosts on that VLAN. The switch will flood broadcast traffic out only those ports belonging to that particular VLAN, in this case VLAN 1.

Слайд 28Port-centric VLAN Switches
Remember, as the Network Administrator, it is your job

to assign switch ports to the proper VLAN. This assignment is only done at the switch and not at the host. Note: The following diagrams show the VLAN below the host, but it is actually assigned within the switch.

1 2 3 4 5 6 .

1 2 1 2 2 1 .

Port

VLAN

Слайд 29 Catalyst 1900 - VLAN Membership Configuration

[M] Membership type [V] VLAN assignment
[R] Reconfirm dynamic membership [X] Exit to previous menu
Enter Selection:

Слайд 30Layer 2 broadcast control:
Without VLANs, the ARP Request would be seen

by all hosts. Again, consuming unnecessary network bandwidth and host processing cycles.

No VLANs

Same as a single VLAN

Two Subnets

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

Switch 1

Слайд 31Two VLANs
Ÿ
Two Subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2
With VLANs:
Data will only

travel within the VLAN. Remember that switches are Layer 2 devices and they can only pass traffic within the VLAN.

Слайд 32

1 2 3 4 5 6 .
1 2 1 2 2

1 .

Port

VLAN

Switch Port: VLAN ID

Слайд 33Two VLANs
Ÿ
Two Subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2
With VLANs:
A switch cannot

route data between different VLANs. Example: Data from 172.30.1.21 to 172.30.2.12

Switch Port: VLAN ID

Слайд 34Gotcha’s
Remember that VLAN IDs (numbers) are assigned to the switch port

and not to the host. (Port-centric VLAN switches)
Be sure to have all of the hosts on the same subnet belong to the same VLAN, or you will have problems.

Hosts on subnet 172.30.1.0/24 - VLAN 1
Hosts on subnet 172.30.2.0/24 - VLAN 2
etc.

Слайд 35Routing and VLANs
In the previous example data could travel within the

VLAN, but not between VLANs.
Just like subnets, a router is needed to route information between different VLANs.
The advantage is the switch propagates broadcast traffic only within the VLAN.

Слайд 36VLANs
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Communication between VLANs
Ÿ
NOTE
: VLANs assigned only to the
ports

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0
VLAN

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

VLAN 1

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

VLAN 2

Router

172.30.1.1

255.255.255.0

VLAN 1

172.30.2.1

255.255.255.0

VLAN 2

Data between VLANs is routed through the router. Data from 172.30.1.21 to 172.30.2.12

Слайд 37Gotcha’s
1. Remember to have the proper default gateway set for each

host.
172.30.1.0 hosts - default gateway is 172.30.1.1
172.30.2.0 hosts - default gateway is 172.30.2.1
2. The router must still route between subnets, so you must include:
Router (config)# router rip
Router (config-router)# network 172.30.0.0
3. The switch ports to the router must have the corresponding VLAN ID to that subnet.
Switch port to 172.30.1.1 must be on VLAN 1
Switch port to 172.30.2.1 must be on VLAN 2

Слайд 38

Switch Port: VLAN ID
Router
172.30.1.1
255.255.255.0
(VLAN 1)
172.30.2.1
255.255.255.0
(VLAN 2)
(VLAN ID not set at router.)

Слайд 39So, what’s the difference?
One of the main differences between subnets with

VLANs and subnets without VLANs on switched networks, is that VLANs offer layer 2 broadcast control.

Слайд 40Here is an ARP Request example without VLANs.
Routed Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Communication between

subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

Router

172.30.1.1

255.255.255.0

172.30.2.1

255.255.255.0

ARP Request

Слайд 41Here is an ARP Request example with VLANs. Notice that the

broadcast is isolated only to the VLAN that it came from, in this case VLAN 1.

VLANs

Two Subnets

Communication between VLANs

NOTE

: VLANs assigned only to the

ports

Switch 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

VLAN 1

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

VLAN 2

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

VLAN 1

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

VLAN 2

Router

172.30.1.1

255.255.255.0

VLAN 1

172.30.2.1

255.255.255.0

VLAN 2

ARP Request

Слайд 42Can I use the Router-on-a-stick method with multiple VLANs?
Can you remind

me what Router-on-a-stick is?

Слайд 43Routed Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Communication between subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0

Router
172.30.1.1
172.30.2.1 sec
255.255.255.0
What is Router-on-a-stick?
When a single

interface is used to route between subnets or networks, this is know as a router-on-a-stick. To assign multiple ip addresses to the same interface, secondary addresses or subinterfaces are used.

interface e 0
ip address 172.30.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip address 172.30.2.1 255.255.255.0 secondary

Слайд 44With Router-on-a-stick, ISL or 802.1Q trunking is needed. We will talk

about tagging and trunking in the next section.

VLANs

Two Subnets

Communication between VLANs using trunking

NOTE

: VLANs assigned only to the ports

Switch 1

172.30.1.21

255.255.255.0

VLAN 1

172.30.2.10

255.255.255.0

VLAN 2

172.30.1.23

255.255.255.0

VLAN 1

172.30.2.12

255.255.255.0

VLAN 2

Router

172.30.1.1

172.30.2.1 secondary

255.255.255.0

Trunking ISLor 802.1Q

Trunking ISL or 802.1Q

Слайд 45Non-tagging Switches

Lets first see how multiple VLANs are interconnected using switches

that do not have the tagging capability.

Слайд 46100BaseT Ports
Port 1 = VLAN 1 & Port 2 = VLAN

Moe

Larry

VLAN 1: Port 1 on switch Moe is connected to Port 1 on Switch Larry.
VLAN 2: Port 2 on switch Moe is connected to Port 2 on Switch Larry.

Non-tagging Switches
For each VLAN, there must be a link between the two switches. One link per VLAN. Be sure the switch ports on the switches are configured for the proper VLAN.

1 2

Port 1 = VLAN 1 & Port 2 = VLAN 2

Слайд 47Advantages
Each VLAN gets its own dedicated link with its own bandwidth.

Disadvantages
This

requires a separate link for each VLAN. There may not be enough ports on the switch to accommodate a lot of different VLANs.

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From Hubs to VLANs презентация

Содержание

Слайд 1From Hubs to VLANs

Слайд 2Using HubsLayer 1 devicesInexpensiveIn one port, out the othersOne collision domainOne

Слайд 3This is fine for small workgroups, but does not scale well

Слайд 4What if the computers were on two different subnets? Could they

Слайд 5Same issues as before, with more of an impact on the

Слайд 6Using SwitchesLayer 2 devicesModerate expense for common access switches, but can

Слайд 7Switch and Hub NetworkŸOne NetworkŸSeveral Collision DomainsŸOne per switch portŸOne for

Слайд 8Switch and Hub NetworkŸOne NetworkŸSeveral Collision DomainsŸOne per switch portŸOne for

Слайд 9Switch and Hub NetworkŸOne NetworkŸSeveral Collision DomainsŸOne per switch portŸOne for

Слайд 10Switch and Hub NetworkŸOne NetworkŸSeveral Collision DomainsŸOne per switch portŸOne for

Слайд 11Other Switching FeaturesReviewAsymmetric ports: 10 Mbps and 100 MbpsFull-duplex portsCut-through versus

Слайд 12Ports between switches and server ports are good candidates for higher

Слайд 13Introducing Multiple Subnets/Networks without RoutersSwitches are Layer 2 devicesRouter are Layer

Слайд 14All Switched Network - Two NetworksŸTwo SubnetsŸSeveral Collision DomainsŸOne per switch

Слайд 15All Switched Network - Two NetworksŸTwo SubnetsŸSeveral Collision DomainsŸOne per switch

Слайд 16One Solution:Physically separate the subnets. But still no data can travel

Слайд 17Introducing Multiple Subnets/Networks with RoutersSwitches are Layer 2 devicesRouter are Layer

Слайд 18Routed NetworksŸTwo SubnetsŸSeveral Collision DomainsŸOne per switch portŸCommunication between subnetsSwitch 1172.30.1.21255.255.255.0172.30.1.23255.255.255.0172.30.1.25255.255.255.0Switch

Слайд 19Switches with multiple subnetsSo far this should have been a review.Let’s

Слайд 20Routed NetworksŸTwo SubnetsŸCommunication between subnetsSwitch 1172.30.1.21255.255.255.0172.30.2.10255.255.255.0172.30.1.23255.255.255.0172.30.2.12255.255.255.0Router172.30.1.1172.30.2.1 sec255.255.255.0Router-on-a-stick:When a single interface is

Слайд 21Router-on-a-stickAdvantagesUseful when there are limited Ethernet interfaces on the router.DisadvantageBecause a

Слайд 22Gotcha’s1. Remember to have the proper default gateway set for each

Слайд 23Routed NetworksŸTwo SubnetsŸCommunication between subnetsSwitch 1172.30.1.21255.255.255.0172.30.2.10255.255.255.0172.30.1.23255.255.255.0172.30.2.12255.255.255.0Router172.30.1.1255.255.255.0172.30.2.1255.255.255.0Multiple interfaces:Two Ethernet router ports may

Слайд 24One switch two subnets:Good News: Data can travel between subnets and

Слайд 25An ARP Request from 172.30.1.21 for 172.30.1.23 will still be seen

Слайд 26Introducing VLANsVLANs create separate broadcast domainsRouters are needed to pass information

Слайд 27Two VLANsŸTwo SubnetsSwitch 1172.30.1.21255.255.255.0VLAN 1172.30.2.10255.255.255.0VLAN 2172.30.1.23255.255.255.0VLAN 1172.30.2.12255.255.255.0VLAN 2Layer 2 broadcast control:An

Слайд 28Port-centric VLAN SwitchesRemember, as the Network Administrator, it is your job

Слайд 29 Catalyst 1900 - VLAN Membership Configuration

Слайд 30Layer 2 broadcast control:Without VLANs, the ARP Request would be seen

Слайд 31Two VLANsŸTwo SubnetsSwitch 1172.30.1.21255.255.255.0VLAN 1172.30.2.10255.255.255.0VLAN 2172.30.1.23255.255.255.0VLAN 1172.30.2.12255.255.255.0VLAN 2With VLANs:Data will only

Слайд 321 2 3 4 5 6 .1 2 1 2 2

Слайд 33Two VLANsŸTwo SubnetsSwitch 1172.30.1.21255.255.255.0VLAN 1172.30.2.10255.255.255.0VLAN 2172.30.1.23255.255.255.0VLAN 1172.30.2.12255.255.255.0VLAN 2With VLANs:A switch cannot

Слайд 34Gotcha’sRemember that VLAN IDs (numbers) are assigned to the switch port

Слайд 35Routing and VLANsIn the previous example data could travel within the

Слайд 36VLANsŸTwo SubnetsŸCommunication between VLANsŸNOTE: VLANs assigned only to theportsSwitch 1172.30.1.21255.255.255.0VLAN 1172.30.2.10255.255.255.0VLAN

Слайд 37Gotcha’s1. Remember to have the proper default gateway set for each

Слайд 38Switch Port: VLAN IDRouter172.30.1.1255.255.255.0(VLAN 1)172.30.2.1255.255.255.0(VLAN 2)(VLAN ID not set at router.)

Слайд 39So, what’s the difference?One of the main differences between subnets with

Слайд 40Here is an ARP Request example without VLANs.Routed NetworksŸTwo SubnetsŸCommunication between

Слайд 41Here is an ARP Request example with VLANs. Notice that the

Слайд 42Can I use the Router-on-a-stick method with multiple VLANs?Can you remind

Слайд 43Routed NetworksŸTwo SubnetsŸCommunication between subnetsSwitch 1172.30.1.21255.255.255.0172.30.2.10255.255.255.0172.30.1.23255.255.255.0172.30.2.12255.255.255.0Router172.30.1.1172.30.2.1 sec255.255.255.0What is Router-on-a-stick?When a single

Слайд 44With Router-on-a-stick, ISL or 802.1Q trunking is needed. We will talk

Слайд 45Non-tagging SwitchesLets first see how multiple VLANs are interconnected using switches

Слайд 46100BaseT PortsPort 1 = VLAN 1 & Port 2 = VLAN

Слайд 47AdvantagesEach VLAN gets its own dedicated link with its own bandwidth.DisadvantagesThis

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Layer 1 devices
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One collision domain
One

Слайд 6Using Switches
Layer 2 devices
Moderate expense for common access switches, but can

Слайд 7Switch and Hub Network
Ÿ
One Network
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Several Collision Domains
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Ÿ
One for

Слайд 8Switch and Hub Network
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Ÿ
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Слайд 9Switch and Hub Network
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Several Collision Domains
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One per switch port
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Слайд 10Switch and Hub Network
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One Network
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch port
Ÿ
One for

Слайд 11Other Switching Features
Review
Asymmetric ports: 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps
Full-duplex ports
Cut-through versus

Слайд 13Introducing Multiple Subnets/Networks without Routers
Switches are Layer 2 devices
Router are Layer

Слайд 14All Switched Network - Two Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch

Слайд 15All Switched Network - Two Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch

Слайд 16One Solution:
Physically separate the subnets. But still no data can travel

Слайд 17Introducing Multiple Subnets/Networks with Routers
Switches are Layer 2 devices
Router are Layer

Слайд 18Routed Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Several Collision Domains
Ÿ
One per switch port
Ÿ
Communication between subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0

172.30.1.25
255.255.255.0

Switch

Слайд 19Switches with multiple subnets
So far this should have been a review.
Let’s

Слайд 20Routed Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Communication between subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0

Router
172.30.1.1
172.30.2.1 sec
255.255.255.0
Router-on-a-stick:
When a single interface is

Слайд 21Router-on-a-stick
Advantages
Useful when there are limited Ethernet interfaces on the router.

Disadvantage
Because a

Слайд 22Gotcha’s
1. Remember to have the proper default gateway set for each

Слайд 24One switch two subnets:
Good News: Data can travel between subnets and

Слайд 26Introducing VLANs
VLANs create separate broadcast domains
Routers are needed to pass information

Слайд 27Two VLANs
Ÿ
Two Subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2
Layer 2 broadcast control:
An

Слайд 28Port-centric VLAN Switches
Remember, as the Network Administrator, it is your job

Слайд 30Layer 2 broadcast control:
Without VLANs, the ARP Request would be seen

Слайд 31Two VLANs
Ÿ
Two Subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2
With VLANs:
Data will only

Слайд 32

1 2 3 4 5 6 .
1 2 1 2 2

Слайд 33Two VLANs
Ÿ
Two Subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0
VLAN 2
With VLANs:
A switch cannot

Слайд 34Gotcha’s
Remember that VLAN IDs (numbers) are assigned to the switch port

Слайд 35Routing and VLANs
In the previous example data could travel within the

Слайд 36VLANs
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Communication between VLANs
Ÿ
NOTE
: VLANs assigned only to the
ports

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0
VLAN

Слайд 37Gotcha’s
1. Remember to have the proper default gateway set for each

Слайд 38

Switch Port: VLAN ID
Router
172.30.1.1
255.255.255.0
(VLAN 1)
172.30.2.1
255.255.255.0
(VLAN 2)
(VLAN ID not set at router.)

Слайд 39So, what’s the difference?
One of the main differences between subnets with

Слайд 40Here is an ARP Request example without VLANs.
Routed Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Communication between

Слайд 42Can I use the Router-on-a-stick method with multiple VLANs?
Can you remind

Слайд 43Routed Networks
Ÿ
Two Subnets
Ÿ
Communication between subnets

Switch 1

172.30.1.21
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.10
255.255.255.0

172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0

172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0

Router
172.30.1.1
172.30.2.1 sec
255.255.255.0
What is Router-on-a-stick?
When a single

Слайд 45Non-tagging Switches

Lets first see how multiple VLANs are interconnected using switches

Слайд 46100BaseT Ports
Port 1 = VLAN 1 & Port 2 = VLAN

Слайд 47Advantages
Each VLAN gets its own dedicated link with its own bandwidth.

Disadvantages
This