Table tennis презентация

sport, sports game with a ball in which use rackets and the game table differentiated by a grid. The game can take place between two opponents or two pairs of rivals. The task of the players is to use the rackets to send the ball to the opponent's side so that he could not return it back in accordance with the rules. The main international tournaments are the world Cup and the Olympic games.

2.74 × 1.52 m and a height of 76 cm in the Middle of the table is a grid height of 15.2 cm In the game used racket, consisting of a wooden base, covered with two plates of bright red and black colors. The ball for table tennis is made of celluloid or plastic ball diameter just over 40 mm, weight 2,7 g. the Ball shall be white or orange in color[6].The game takes place between two players or between two teams of two players. Players or couples stand at the table in front of each other. A draw of a point is opened from the pitch, and the ball must be repulsed to the playing half of the opponent in such a way as to make a return strike impossible[7].

since 1891, and before that in the course were similar to the intonation of the name: "Flim-Flam", "VIF-WAF", as well as "Gossima" (Rus.)he.. In 1891, the company Jaques of London (Rus.) English. was developed and launched in manufacture of a kit for playing "Ping-Pong". The name is derived from a combination of two sounds: "ping" — the sound produced by the ball when it hits the racket, and "pong" — when the ball bounces off the table. Later the name was sold to Parker brothers[8][9][10].Today ping-pong is called an authentic kind of table tennis, where all players use the same racket with sandpaper, as it was in the early XX century at the dawn of table tennis[2].

tennis owes its birth to rainy English weather, which forced to carry matches of tennis in the room. The first game took place on the floor, and then began to move the tables. After some time in the second half of the nineteenth century, the company Jaques of London (Rus.) English. equipment was developed for this home entertainment, called "Gossima" (Rus.)he.. In a short time "Gossima" gained popularity in salons of England and in some European countries[9].The first prototype of table tennis rules was published in 1884 by F. Ayers in London under the title "Miniature Indoor Lawn Tennis game" [11]. It should be noted that in many sources the year of publication of these rules wrongly indicated 1834, that is, 40 years before the publication of the first rules of tennis in 1874[9]. In 1891, CH. Baxter and J. Jackes patented the name and rules of the game "Ping pong "[12], and from that moment table tennis began to develop under the name" ping pong " in the direction we know it now[9].

game was not standardized in any way, used rackets with long handles, with stretched strings or covered with leather. Balls were made of different materials, such as cork and rubber, sometimes they were sheathed with fabric. In 1891, James Gibb brought from America to England hollow colored balls of celluloid for the children's play and decided to use them to play ping-pong. From this moment on celluloid balls were replaced by balls made of other materials, which in turn led to the changes in racquets. As the ball became lighter, rackets began to be made of plywood, with the shortened handle, game surfaces began to paste over such materials as a stopper, parchment, velour[9].

of the XX century for the game used rackets with a playing plane of smooth wood, that is, without coating, or coated, made of cork, parchment, velour or other similar materials. With such rackets it was impossible to carry out a significant part of the attacks, known in modern table tennis, and to conduct a dynamic game. In 1902 H hood first used a racquet with a layer of porous rubber[9]. In the first half of the twenties the use of porous rubber was so widespread that all other types of rackets completely out of use. It became possible to let the ball spin in different ways. The use of porous rubber rackets allowed the ball to be controlled better, and the table tennis technique changed. This period lasted until the early 1950s[13].

tournament, experts consider it the first international competition[9][14].In 1926 at the meeting of representatives of Austria, England, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, India, Czechoslovakia, Sweden and Wales the international table tennis Federation was established, and in the same year the first world table tennis championship took place[9].In 1936, for the first time there was a restriction on the duration of the match. Due to the fact that then prevailed protective style of play, the matches are very much delayed in time, so the match of the three parties began to allocate 1 hour, and the match of the five parties — 1 hour 45 minutes. In 1937, we reduced the height of the grid from 17 cm to 15.25 cm, and introduced the rule of feeding only with an open palm[9].From 1940 to 1946 world Championships in table tennis is not conducted in connection with the Second world war[9].In the early 1950-ies was invented sponge covering the paddles. In Europe, it was first used in Austria by Fritch in 1951, but it was a single case that did not lead to changes in the game[15].

used a sponge-coated racket at the world championship in Bombay[16]. The Japanese national team for the first time participated in the world Cup and due to its rapid attacking tactics have won many medals, among which was a gold medal in the individual competition. From that date, the rubber-sponge rackets began to spread across Europe, which became the world table tennis center[15]. However, the new racket cover did not make table tennis more attractive sport. The impact of the ball on a thick layer of sponge rubber gave him greater speed, and to reflect such an attack was very difficult. Thus, the game is almost reduced to cut, and final strike. The main thing in the competition was the power, and the game equipment was relegated to the background, which led to a fall in the popularity of table tennis. In 1959, the use of spongy rubber rackets was prohibited[15].

the first time in a long time, there were a number of significant changes in the rules. Until 2000 played ball with a diameter of 38 mm, but after the Olympic games 2000 in Sydney in the use of was introduced balls with a diameter of 40 mm. of the Reasons for the increase in size of a few. First of all, the larger ball is best seen during TV broadcasts. In addition, the ball of large size has a lower speed due to greater air resistance, and this simplifies refereeing and contributes to greater entertainment of the game[19].In 2001, the number of points required to score victory in the party changed from 21 to 11, and changing the flow side started to happen not after 5 draws, and 2 after. Also, in this regard, the number of games in the match was increased from 5 to 7 at the world's largest competitions. For the first time under these new rules the 2001 world Cup in Osaka was held[19]. Shorter games increased the overall intensity of the game and made the matches more spectacular.