Filariasis презентация

of its outward appearance.
600BC
Ancient Hindu medical workers referred to elephantiasis in Sanskrit texts.
600- 250BC
Men affected by elephantiasis were not allowed to become Buddhist priests.
10th- 13th Centuries
Persian and European physicians have accurate descriptions of elephantiasis.
1876
Joseph Bancroft discovered the parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis in an abscess on the arm of a butcher.

Infection occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes.
Infection is usually acquired in childhood causing hidden damage to the lymphatic system.
856 million people in 52 countries worldwide remain threatened by lymphatic filariasis and require preventive chemotherapy to stop the spread of this parasitic infection.

million disfigured and incapacitated by the disease.
Lymphatic filariasis can be eliminated by stopping the spread of infection through preventive chemotherapy with safe medicine combinations, repeated annually for at least 5 years.
6.7 billion treatments have been delivered to stop the spread of infection since 2000.
499 million people no longer require preventive chemotherapy due to successful implementation of WHO strategies.
A basic, recommended package of care can alleviate suffering and prevent further disability among persons living with disease caused by lymphatic filariasis.

through numerous mosquito bites over a number of years.


Affects 120 million individuals in over 80 countries in the tropical regions due to stagnant water and poor irrigation systems

5-7 years, produce millions of offspring
Block the lymphatic system
Network of channels and lymph nodes that help maintain fluid levels in the body
Blockage leads to edema (collection of fluid in tissues)

(Immuno hyper responsiveness)

Clinical Spectrum

None

Asymptomatic microfilaremia

Filarial fever

Chronic pathology

TPE

of Acute manifestation
Stage of Obstructive (Chronic) lesions

not show mf or clinical manifestation even though they have some degree of exposure to infective larva similar to those who become infected.
Laboratory diagnostic techniques are not able to determine whether they are infected or free.

though they have circulating microfilariae.
They are an important source of infection.
They can be detected by Night Blood Survey and other suitable procedures.

episodes of Acute inflammation in the lymph vessel/node of the limb & scrotum that are related to bacterial & fungal super infections of the tissue that are already compromised lymphatic function.
Clinical manifestations are consisting of:
Filarial fever (ADL-DLA)
Lymphangitis
Lymphadinitis
Epididimo orchitis

the permanent damage to the lymph vessels caused by the adult worms, the pathological changes causing dilation of the lymph vessels due to recurrent inflammatory episodes leading to endothelial proliferation and inflammatory granulomnatous reaction around the parasite.
Initially, it starts with pitting oedema which gives rise to browny oedema leading to hardening the tissues. Still late, hyper pigmentation, caratosis, wart like lesions are developed. Eg. Hydrocele (40-60%), Elephantiasis of Scrotum, Penis, Leg, Arm, Vulva, Breast, Chyluria.

will be absent. Occult filariasis is believed to be the result of hyper responsiveness to filarial antigens derived from mf. Seen more in males.
Patients present with paroxysmal cough and wheezing, low grade fever, scandy sputum with occasional haemoptysis, adenopathy and increased eosinophilia. X-ray shows diffused nodular mottling and interstial thickening.

of the presence & absence of the following:
Oedema
Folds
Knobs
Mossy foot
Disability

folds-Absent
Appearance of Skin-Smooth, Normal

night
Skin folds-Absent
Appearance of skin-Smooth, Normal

night
Skin folds-Shallow
Appearance of skin-Smooth, Normal

night
Skin folds-Shallow
Appearance of skin
- Irregular,
* Knobs, Nodules

night
Skin folds-Deep
Appearance of skin – Smooth or Irregular

night
Skin folds-Absent, Shallow, Deep
Appearance of skin *Wart-like lesions on foot or top of the toes

night
Skin folds-Deep
Appearance of skin-Irregular
Needs help for daily activities - Walking, bathing, using bathrooms, dependent on family or health care systems

with visible signs may never marry or spouses and families will reject them.

any time of day.


Ultrasound can identify rapidly moving adult worms.

days
Ivermectin 200µg – 400µg/Kg body weight
Albendazole 400mg/twice day /2 weeks. With combination of DEC & Ivermectin, it enhances the action of the drugs.
Couramin compound

Treatment of microfilaraemic patients may prevent chronic obstructive disease and may be repeated every 6 months till mf and/or symptoms disappears.

and exercise affected body part
Skin treatment
Wash area twice daily
Antibacterial cream
CDP (Complex decongestive physiotherapy)
Lymph drainage, massage, compressive bandages