Beyond hunger. Reward mechanisms implicated in food intake and in obesity презентация

ENERGY INTAKE ENERGY EXPENDITURE HYPOTHALAMUS: Central in appetite regulation Image: Wikimedia Commons

Слайд 1Beyond hunger:
Reward mechanisms implicated in food intake and in obesity


Слайд 2


ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE

HYPOTHALAMUS:
Central in appetite regulation

Image: Wikimedia Commons


Слайд 3



ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE


Слайд 4?ghrelin
?insulin
? Y neuropeptide and agouti-related peptide
Lateral hypothalamus stimulation
Ventromedial hypothalamus inhibition



ENERGY


INTAKE

ENERGY
EXPENDITURE



Слайд 5


ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE


? insulin, leptin and YY neuropeptide
? proopiomelacortin and cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcriptor
Ventromedial

hypothalamus stimulation
Lateral hypothalamus inhibition

Слайд 6Increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Brain tissue vulnerability
Excessive accumulation of

lipids in several tissues and organs

Adverse cellular responses

Increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Brain tissue vulnerability




ENERGY
INTAKE

ENERGY
EXPENDITURE



Слайд 7Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelings
Habits
Hormone changes
Boredom
Social pressure
Stress
Hedonic hunger


Слайд 8Habits
Hormone changes
Boredom
Social pressure
Stress
Hedonic hunger
Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelings


Слайд 9Hunger as a reinforcing behavior
Eating behavior: reverse of „unpleasant“ hunger signals

Linked

with hedonic and reward mechanisms

Слайд 10Dagher, 2012
Neuroimaging studies of appetite


Слайд 11The “appetitive” network in the brain
Reward system: mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic regions
Kenny,

2011

Слайд 12Alterations in the appetitive network in obesity
Marqués-Iturria, Pueyo, Garolera, Segura, Junqué,

García-García, …, Jurado (2013)

Reductions in gray matter volume and in cortical thickness in prefrontal areas in obesity


Слайд 13Horstmann, Busse, Mathar, Müller, Lepsien, …, Pleger (2011)
Directionality of volumetric differences

is less clear
in subcortical regions
(e.g., see Horstmann et al. 2011 and Jagust et al. 2005)

Слайд 14Marqués-Iturria, Sholtens, Garolera, Pueyo, García-García, …, van den Heuvel. (2015) Neuroimage
Decreased

connectivity organization of the reward system structure in obesity

Слайд 15García-García, Jurado, Garolera, Marqués-Iturria, Horstmann, …, Neumann (2015).
Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
X=41
3.8
5.5
Alterations

in the appetitive network in obesity

Слайд 16The addictive or compulsive dimension of obesity
FOOD ADDICTION MODEL (Gearhardt et

al. 2011; Kelley & Berridge, 2002)
Obesity resembles an addiction to drugs, both behaviorally and
in terms of their underlying neural processes

Слайд 17García-García, Horstmann, Jurado (…), Neumann 2014 Obes Rev


Слайд 18Obesity and substance addictions shared a higher recruitment of the amygdala

and striatum, key structures in salience, reward and habit formation.

Non-substance addictions showed alterations in immediate (but not coincident) clusters in the amygdala

Conclusions


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