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Beyond hunger. Reward mechanisms implicated in food intake and in obesity презентация
Содержание
- 1. Beyond hunger. Reward mechanisms implicated in food intake and in obesity
- 2. ENERGY INTAKE ENERGY EXPENDITURE
- 3. ENERGY INTAKE ENERGY EXPENDITURE
- 4. ?ghrelin ?insulin ? Y neuropeptide and
- 5. ENERGY INTAKE ENERGY EXPENDITURE
- 6. Increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
- 7. Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelings Habits Hormone changes Boredom Social pressure Stress Hedonic hunger
- 8. Habits Hormone changes Boredom Social pressure Stress Hedonic hunger Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelings
- 9. Hunger as a reinforcing behavior Eating behavior:
- 10. Dagher, 2012 Neuroimaging studies of appetite
- 11. The “appetitive” network in the brain Reward system: mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic regions Kenny, 2011
- 12. Alterations in the appetitive network in obesity
- 13. Horstmann, Busse, Mathar, Müller, Lepsien, …, Pleger
- 14. Marqués-Iturria, Sholtens, Garolera, Pueyo, García-García, …, van
- 15. García-García, Jurado, Garolera, Marqués-Iturria, Horstmann, …, Neumann
- 16. The addictive or compulsive dimension of obesity
- 17. García-García, Horstmann, Jurado (…), Neumann 2014 Obes Rev
- 18. Obesity and substance addictions shared a higher
ENERGY INTAKE ENERGY EXPENDITURE HYPOTHALAMUS: Central in appetite regulation Image: Wikimedia Commons
Слайд 2
ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE
HYPOTHALAMUS:
Central in appetite regulation
Image: Wikimedia Commons
Слайд 4?ghrelin
?insulin
? Y neuropeptide and agouti-related peptide
Lateral hypothalamus stimulation
Ventromedial hypothalamus inhibition
ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE
Слайд 5
ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE
? insulin, leptin and YY neuropeptide
? proopiomelacortin and cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcriptor
Ventromedial
hypothalamus stimulation
Lateral hypothalamus inhibition
Lateral hypothalamus inhibition
Слайд 6Increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Brain tissue vulnerability
Excessive accumulation of
lipids in several tissues and organs
Adverse cellular responses
Increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Brain tissue vulnerability
ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE
Слайд 7Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelings
Habits
Hormone changes
Boredom
Social pressure
Stress
Hedonic hunger
Слайд 8Habits
Hormone changes
Boredom
Social pressure
Stress
Hedonic hunger
Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelings
Слайд 9Hunger as a reinforcing behavior
Eating behavior: reverse of „unpleasant“ hunger signals
Linked
with hedonic and reward mechanisms
Слайд 11The “appetitive” network in the brain
Reward system: mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic regions
Kenny,
2011
Слайд 12Alterations in the appetitive network in obesity
Marqués-Iturria, Pueyo, Garolera, Segura, Junqué,
García-García, …, Jurado (2013)
Reductions in gray matter volume and in cortical thickness in prefrontal areas in obesity
Слайд 13Horstmann, Busse, Mathar, Müller, Lepsien, …, Pleger (2011)
Directionality of volumetric differences
is less clear
in subcortical regions
(e.g., see Horstmann et al. 2011 and Jagust et al. 2005)
in subcortical regions
(e.g., see Horstmann et al. 2011 and Jagust et al. 2005)
Слайд 14Marqués-Iturria, Sholtens, Garolera, Pueyo, García-García, …, van den Heuvel. (2015) Neuroimage
Decreased
connectivity organization of the reward system structure in obesity
Слайд 15García-García, Jurado, Garolera, Marqués-Iturria, Horstmann, …, Neumann (2015).
Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
X=41
3.8
5.5
Alterations
in the appetitive network in obesity
Слайд 16The addictive or compulsive dimension of obesity
FOOD ADDICTION MODEL (Gearhardt et
al. 2011; Kelley & Berridge, 2002)
Obesity resembles an addiction to drugs, both behaviorally and
in terms of their underlying neural processes
Obesity resembles an addiction to drugs, both behaviorally and
in terms of their underlying neural processes
Слайд 18Obesity and substance addictions shared a higher recruitment of the amygdala
and striatum, key structures in salience, reward and habit formation.
Non-substance addictions showed alterations in immediate (but not coincident) clusters in the amygdala
Non-substance addictions showed alterations in immediate (but not coincident) clusters in the amygdala
Conclusions
