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American literature презентация
Содержание
- 1. American literature
- 2. THE LITERATURE OF EXPLORATION
- 3. The story of American literature begins
- 4. American literature starts with orally disseminated stories,
- 5. Before the first Europeans arrived there
- 6. Native American oral literature is rich
- 7. proverbs, legends, stories, humorous
- 8. There were also vision songs, healing
- 9. The mood of the songs, narratives and
- 10. Indian oral tradition is rich and diverse.
- 11. Its contribution to American literature is important and significant.
- 12. The other group felt that American literature
- 14. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS – Epistola Journal
- 15. people’s fears and strange imaginative monsters.
- 16. In 1528, several years after Columbus, Spaniard
- 17. He created a story about the trip’s
- 18. BARTHOLOME DE LAS CASAS is one
- 19. He transcribed Columbus’s journal. He also wrote History of the Indians.
- 20. The first narrations were autobiographical. They contained a strong autobiographical element.
- 21. They also were adventure stories.
- 22. They usually described the hardships and obstacles the adventurers came across.
- 23. THE COLONIAL PERIOD
- 24. The first colony was established in 1585
- 25. The colony endured starvation, misery, brutality.
- 26. Initial English attempts at colonization were not
- 27. The literature of this period describes America
- 28. The first stories were adventure stories and
- 29. He created The Writings of Captain John
- 30. Smith has often been accused of
- 31. But it is certain that he repeatedly
- 32. Thanks to him readers heard the
- 33. Captain Smith also wrote Description of New
- 34. He described how she was risking
- 35. He described her visit to England
- 36. PURITAN is a broad term,
- 37. Puritans wished to return to the
- 38. Because they refused to conform to the
- 39. Puritans suffered persecution. Some of them left England, at first for Holland.
- 40. But fearing that they would lose their
- 41. During the period from 1620 to
- 42. The Puritans who came to America
- 43. it was a journey to salvation.
- 44. THOMAS HARRIOT He wrote Brief and
- 45. WILLIAM BRADFORD 1590 - 1657
- 46. William Bradford was born in 1590 in
- 47. While a child, he attended the
- 48. W. Bradford wrote Of Plymoth Plantation
- 49. His History of Plymouth Plantation tells the
- 50. His History is not a record of
- 51. and who, after remaining there for
- 52. For more than thirty years he was
- 53. Captain Smith was not the only Englishman
- 54. William Strachey, a contemporary of Shakespeare
- 55. He sent to London in 1610
- 56. This is a story of shipwreck
- 57. and it is possible that it may
- 58. A wealthy Virginian, he was commissioned
- 59. He wrote a History of the Dividing
- 60. He created his book “in the plain
- 61. His Journal is a record
- 62. He very seldom shows his feelings,
- 63. His style is rather dry. He
- 64. One of the most notable characteristics of
- 65. The first accomplished poet
- 66. She was the first real New England’s
- 67. She became the wife of another
- 68. Although she was born before the death
- 69. Her first poems were criticized but
- 70. She refused to describe adventures, brave soldiers,
- 71. Samuel Sewall graduated from Harvard in 1671
- 72. His Diary is precious and influences the
- 73. In Sewall's Diary readers at once feel
- 74. Sewall was one of the seven judges
- 75. She was the earliest woman writer
- 76. Her tale is called The
- 77. Her narrative presents a terrifying and moving
- 78. It was one of the most widely
- 79. The popularity of Rowlandson’s story gave rise
- 80. but they had a tragic side effect:
- 81. The popularity of Rowlandson’s story gave rise
- 82. These “captivity” stories might have been entertaining,
- 83. The End
THE LITERATURE OF EXPLORATION
Слайд 3The story of American literature begins
in the early 1600,
long
before there appeared any American people.
Слайд 4American literature starts with orally disseminated stories,
tales,
legends,
lyrical songs
of various Indian cultures.
Слайд 5Before the first Europeans arrived
there was no written literature
among
more than 500 different languages,
tribes
and cultures.
tribes
and cultures.
Слайд 6 Native American oral literature
is rich and extremely diverse.
It contains
every oral genre: fairy tales,
lyrics,
epics,
lyrics,
epics,
Слайд 8There were also vision songs,
healing songs,
hunting songs,
songs for
children’s games,
love songs.
love songs.
Слайд 9The mood of the songs, narratives and poetry
ranges from sacred
and serious to light and humorous.
Слайд 12The other group felt that American literature was too young to
declare its own independence from the British literary tradition. The American literature of that time grew and flowered, the greatest writers found a way to combine the best qualities of the literature of the Old and the New World.
Слайд 14CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS –
Epistola Journal
He described his
trip, the adventures and
dramatic events,
dramatic events,
Слайд 16In 1528, several years after Columbus, Spaniard named ALVAR DE VACA,
landed with an expedition
on the west coast of the land which is now called Florida.
on the west coast of the land which is now called Florida.
Слайд 17He created a story about the trip’s hardships and about
the
expedition’s experiences with
a tribal group in Florida.
a tribal group in Florida.
Слайд 18BARTHOLOME DE LAS CASAS
is one of the most important sources
of information about the early contacts between American Indians and Europeans.
Слайд 20The first narrations were autobiographical.
They contained a strong autobiographical element.
Слайд 21They also were adventure stories.
Such writings left
by many adventurers
were interesting and valuable.
Слайд 24The first colony was established in 1585
but all the colonists
disappeared.
The second colony was more permanent in Jamestown in 1607.
The second colony was more permanent in Jamestown in 1607.
Слайд 26 Initial English attempts
at colonization were not successful.
The first colony was
established in 1585 in North Carolina but all the colonists disappeared. The second colony was more permanent in Jamestown in 1607.
Слайд 27The literature of this period describes America as
the land of
riches and opportunity, as
the American dream.
the American dream.
Слайд 28The first stories were adventure stories and autobiographical stories.
They contained
a strong autobiographical element.
Such narratives often mixed facts with fantasy.
Such narratives often mixed facts with fantasy.
Слайд 29 He created The Writings of Captain John Smith.
They try to
convince the reader to settle and to live in the New World.
His romantic spirit is revealed in the Writings.
His romantic spirit is revealed in the Writings.
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH (1580-1631).
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH (1580-1631).
Слайд 30Smith has often been accused
of boasting,
and some people have
said
that
he was guilty of great
exaggeration.
that
he was guilty of great
exaggeration.
Слайд 31But it is certain that he repeatedly braved hardships, extreme dangers,
and captivity among
the Indians
to provide food
for
the colony and to survey Virginia.
Слайд 32Thanks to him readers heard
the story of his capture by
the Indians, of his rescue from torture and death, by
the beautiful Indian maiden, Pocahontas.
Слайд 33Captain Smith also wrote Description of New England (1616).
The Puritans
studied it attentively and decided
to settle there in 1620.
to settle there in 1620.
Слайд 34He described how
she was risking her life
to save him
for the second time from Indian treachery. She also brought corn and preserved the colony from famine.
Слайд 35He described her visit
to England in 1616,
a few weeks
after the death
of Shakespeare,
and her royal reception
as a princess, the daughter of an Indian king.
It is a romantic story.
of Shakespeare,
and her royal reception
as a princess, the daughter of an Indian king.
It is a romantic story.
Слайд 36 PURITAN
is a broad term, referring
to any number
of Protestant
groups
that sought to “purify”
the established Church of England.
that sought to “purify”
the established Church of England.
Слайд 37Puritans wished to return to
the simple forms of worship and
church organization
as described in the New Testament.
as described in the New Testament.
Слайд 38Because they refused to conform to the state church’s beliefs and
practices, they were also called “Noncomformists” or
“Dissenters”.
“Dissenters”.
Слайд 40But fearing that they would lose their identity as English Christians,
a small advanced group of about a hundred puritans set sail for the New World in 1620.
Слайд 41During the period
from 1620 to 1640,
large numbers of English
people migrated to that part
of America now known
as New England.
of America now known
as New England.
Слайд 42The Puritans
who came to America identified themselves with pilgrims.
The word
Pilgrimage took
a different meaning –
a different meaning –
Слайд 44 THOMAS HARRIOT
He wrote Brief and True Report of the New-Found Land
of Virginia (1588). It was translated into many languages: French, Latin, and German. It is an accurate and scientific account of the events.
Слайд 46William Bradford was born in 1590 in the Pilgrim district of
England,
in the Yorkshire village of Austerfield, two miles north of Scrooby.
in the Yorkshire village of Austerfield, two miles north of Scrooby.
Слайд 47While a child, he attended
the religious meetings
of the Puritans.
At the age of eighteen he gave up a good position in the post service of England, and crossed to Holland to escape religious persecution.
Слайд 49His History of Plymouth Plantation tells the story
of the Pilgrim
Fathers
from the time of the formation of their two congregations in England, until 1647
from the time of the formation of their two congregations in England, until 1647
Слайд 50His History is not a record of the Puritans as a
whole, but only of that branch known as the Pilgrims who left England for Holland in 1607 and 1608.
Слайд 51and who, after remaining
there for nearly twelve years,
had the
initiative to be
the first of their band to come
to the New World,
and
to settle at Plymouth in 1620.
the first of their band to come
to the New World,
and
to settle at Plymouth in 1620.
Слайд 53 Captain Smith was not the only Englishman writing in the colonies
in the early seventeenth century.
WILLIAM STRACHEY (1572-1621)
Слайд 54William Strachey,
a contemporary of Shakespeare
and secretary of the Virginian
colony, wrote at Jamestown.
Слайд 55He sent to London in 1610
the manuscript of
A True
Repertory of the Wrack and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, Kt., upon and from the Islands of the Bermudas.
Слайд 56This is a story of shipwreck
on the Bermudas and
of
escape
in small boats.
The book is memorable for
the description of a storm at sea,
in small boats.
The book is memorable for
the description of a storm at sea,
Слайд 58 A wealthy Virginian,
he was commissioned
by the Virginian colony
to
run a line between it and North Carolina.
COLONEL WILLIAM BYRD (1674-1744)
Слайд 59He wrote a History of the Dividing Line run in the
Year 1728.
This book is a record
of personal experiences, and
is as interesting as its title
is forbidding.
This book is a record
of personal experiences, and
is as interesting as its title
is forbidding.
Слайд 60 He created his book “in the plain style”.
It was The
History of New England, although it might more properly still be called his Journal.
JOHN WINTHROP (1588-1649)
Слайд 62He very seldom shows
his feelings,
even when he is supposed
to speak about happiness,
joy, sorrow or sufferings and unhappiness.
Слайд 63His style is rather dry.
He believed that most events could
be perceived as a sign from God.
Слайд 64 One of the most notable characteristics of American literature is
the
distinction of
women writers, especially in poetry.
women writers, especially in poetry.
ANNE BRADSTREET (1612-1672)
Слайд 66She was the first real New England’s poet, or "The Tenth
Muse," as she was called by her friends.
She was the daughter of the Puritan governor, Thomas Dudley.
She was the daughter of the Puritan governor, Thomas Dudley.
Слайд 67She became the wife
of another Puritan governor,
Simon Bradstreet, with
whom she came
to New England in 1630.
to New England in 1630.
Слайд 68Although she was born before the death of Shakespeare,
she seems
never to have studied the works of that great dramatist.
She wrote 10th Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.
She wrote 10th Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.
Слайд 69Her first poems were criticized
but her later poems,
written with
charming simplicity,
showed the evolution
of her creative work.
showed the evolution
of her creative work.
Слайд 70She refused to describe adventures, brave soldiers, warriors, kings or captains.
Instead, her works present the first attempt to write about simple feelings.
Слайд 71 Samuel Sewall graduated from Harvard in 1671 and became chief justice
of Massachusetts.
He is known for his Diary which describes events from 1673 to 1729, the year before his death. Good diaries are scarce in any literature.
He is known for his Diary which describes events from 1673 to 1729, the year before his death. Good diaries are scarce in any literature.
SAMUEL SEWALL (1652-1730)
Слайд 72His Diary is precious and influences the works of the next
generations of writers. It is important to dramatists, novelists, poets, as well as to historians. The Diary may prove to a coming American writer with a genius like Hawthorne's.
Слайд 73In Sewall's Diary readers at once feel that they are very
close
to life.
Sewall's Diary is best known for its faithful chronicle of his courtship of Mrs. Catharine Winthrop.
His style is open, sincere, he is frank and straightforward.
to life.
Sewall's Diary is best known for its faithful chronicle of his courtship of Mrs. Catharine Winthrop.
His style is open, sincere, he is frank and straightforward.
Слайд 74Sewall was one of the seven judges who sentenced nineteen persons
to be put to death for witchcraft at Salem. After this terrible delusion had passed, he had the manliness to rise in church before all the members, and after acknowledging "the blame and shame of his decision," call for "prayers that God who has an unlimited authority would pardon that sin."
Слайд 75
She was the earliest woman writer who created prose. She wrote
about her personal story. She was captured by Indians during an Indian massacre in 1676.
MARY ROWLANDSON (1636-1678)
Слайд 76Her tale is called
The Sovereignty and Godness of God, Together
with
the Faithfulness of His Promises Displayed: Being a Narrative of
the Captivity and Restoration
of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson.
the Faithfulness of His Promises Displayed: Being a Narrative of
the Captivity and Restoration
of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson.
Слайд 77Her narrative presents a terrifying and moving tale of a frontier
life.
It also provides insight into how Puritans viewed their lives.
It also provides insight into how Puritans viewed their lives.
Слайд 78It was one of the most widely read prose works
of
the 17th century.
It was especially popular in England, where people were eager to find tales
of the native inhabitants
of the New World.
It was especially popular in England, where people were eager to find tales
of the native inhabitants
of the New World.
Слайд 79The popularity of Rowlandson’s story gave rise to
a mass of
imitations that were purely fictional.
These “captivity” stories might have been entertaining,
These “captivity” stories might have been entertaining,
Слайд 80but they had a tragic side effect: they contributed
to the
further deterioration
of relations
between Native Americans and colonists.
of relations
between Native Americans and colonists.
Слайд 81The popularity of Rowlandson’s story gave rise to a mass of
imitations that were purely fictional.
Слайд 82These “captivity” stories might have been entertaining, but they had a
tragic side effect: they contributed to the further deterioration of relations between
Native Americans and colonists.
Native Americans and colonists.
