Through - translation презентация

or root-for-root translation. the verb calquer means "to trace; to copy, to imitate closely
For example, when you take a phrase in French and then literally translate root-for-root or word-for-word into English, that’s through-translation.

term because, in some cases, a similar phrase might have arisen in both languages independently. This is less likely to happen when the grammar of the proposed calque is quite different from that of the borrowing language or when the calque contains less obvious imagery

It is difficult sometimes to prove that a particular word is a calque.

quality assurance (aseguramiento de calidad, assurance qualité taken from English). Examples that have been absorbed into English include standpoint and beer garden from German Standpunkt and Biergarten; breakfast from French déjeuner (which now means lunch in Europe, but maintains the same meaning of breakfast in Québec). 

as standpoint, beer garden and breakfast and Spanish peso mosca and Casa Blanca from English flyweight and White House). The meaning other calques can be rather obscure for most people, especially when they relate to specific vocations or subjects such as science and law

word-for-word.
the syntactical calque, with syntactical functions or constructions of the source language being imitated in the target language.
the loan-translation, with words being translated morpheme-by-morpheme or component-by-component into another language.
the semantic calque, with additional meanings of the source word being transferred to the word with the same primary meaning in the target language. That is also called a "semantic loan".
the morphological calque, with the inflection of a word being transferred.

English phrase "flea market" is a phraseological calque of the French "marché aux puces" ("market with fleas").[6] Other national variations include:
Turkish: bit pazarı
Russian: блошиный рынок
Danish: loppemarked
Spanish: mercado de pulgas
Danish loppemarked
Dutch: vlooienmarkt
Finnish: kirpputori
German: Flohmarkt

animal. Many other languages have extended their own native word for "mouse" to include the computer mouse.
Portuguese: rato
Russian: мышь (mysh')
Spanish: ratón
Swahili: kipanya
Swedish: mus
Turkish: fare
Vietnamese: chuột

a multitude of languages is that of the English word skyscraper:
Turkish: gökdelen ("sky-piercer")
Hindi: गगनचुंबी' (gagan-chumbi, "sky-kisser")
Afrikaans: wolkekrabber ("clouds-scraper")
Ukrainian: хмарочос (hmaročos, "cloud-scratcher")
The Germanic languages and some Slavic languages calqued their words for "translation" from the above Latin word, translatio, substituting their respective Germanic or Slavic root words for the Latin roots.