- Главная
- Разное
- Дизайн
- Бизнес и предпринимательство
- Аналитика
- Образование
- Развлечения
- Красота и здоровье
- Финансы
- Государство
- Путешествия
- Спорт
- Недвижимость
- Армия
- Графика
- Культурология
- Еда и кулинария
- Лингвистика
- Английский язык
- Астрономия
- Алгебра
- Биология
- География
- Детские презентации
- Информатика
- История
- Литература
- Маркетинг
- Математика
- Медицина
- Менеджмент
- Музыка
- МХК
- Немецкий язык
- ОБЖ
- Обществознание
- Окружающий мир
- Педагогика
- Русский язык
- Технология
- Физика
- Философия
- Химия
- Шаблоны, картинки для презентаций
- Экология
- Экономика
- Юриспруденция
What we know about God? презентация
Содержание
- 1. What we know about God?
- 2. How is God related to the
- 3. The early Hebrews were among the
- 4. The Greeks – the head of
- 6. Hesiod wrote “Theogony” (book of the
- 7. Altars and temples were erected
- 8. Most of the early Greek philosophers
- 9. Heraclitus – strong dislike of the
- 10. Xenophanes – 6th century BC –
- 11. Sophists – these practical teachers of
- 12. Socrates – masses misunderstood him and
- 13. Aristotle – there are 2 causes
- 14. At the very end of
- 16. Epicureans – they believed in many
- 17. Stoics – God is related to
- 18. Philo/Plotinus – brought the Hebrew tradition
- 19. He gives off powers which combine
- 20. Creation is a fall from God.
- 21. Gospel of John (100 AD) –
- 22. Augustine – God is the idealization
- 23. Trinity consists of: The Father
- 24. Roscelin – applied the doctrine of
- 26. If God does nor exist, the
- 27. Mysticism God is to be
- 28. Thomas Aquinas God is pure
- 30. John Duns Scotus – God is
- 31. Meister Eckhart – 13 and 14th
- 32. During the Renaissance, man undertook to
- 33. Giordano Bruno – God is immanent
- 34. Theology and science were gradually divided,
- 35. Thomas Hobbes – speaks of God
- 37. Blaise Pascal -
- 38. Spinoza – outside God there is
- 39. John Lock – we have no
- 40. George Berkeley – God is the
- 41. David Hume – human reason cannot
- 42. Leibnitz – monads (self-contained units of
- 43. Immanuel Kant – God is the
- 45. To live accordingly to an absolute
- 46. Fichte – God is the universal
- 47. Friedrich Schleiermacher – it is impossible
- 48. Hegel – God is Idea, the
- 49. Auguste Comte (Positivism) – all attempts
- 50. Sir William Hamilton – to know
- 52. William James – belief in God
- 53. John Dewey would not use the
- 54. The religious tradition – more or
- 55. The scientific tradition – is not
- 56. The “Absolute” name has been put
How is God related to the Universe? Is He a person like we are, or is He unlike us? Can He be a kind of force that has brought
Слайд 2
How is God related to the Universe?
Is He a person
like we are, or is He unlike us?
Can He be a kind of force that has brought into being everything?
Can we know Him?
How is He related to us, human beings?
Can He be a kind of force that has brought into being everything?
Can we know Him?
How is He related to us, human beings?
Слайд 3
The early Hebrews were among the first to conceive of there
being one god and to do away with all other gods.
He was introduced through 10 Commandments revealed at Mount Sinai and was called as “Jehovah”
All the power and influence in the Universe had been ascribed to Him
He was introduced through 10 Commandments revealed at Mount Sinai and was called as “Jehovah”
All the power and influence in the Universe had been ascribed to Him
Слайд 4
The Greeks – the head of the community of their gods
was Zeus (super king)
He was a glorified man with all the weaknesses of men, but also with many virtues
All other gods were offspring of Zeus (Apollo, Hermes, Aphrodite)
The community was full of jealousies, squabbling and intrigues.
He was a glorified man with all the weaknesses of men, but also with many virtues
All other gods were offspring of Zeus (Apollo, Hermes, Aphrodite)
The community was full of jealousies, squabbling and intrigues.
Слайд 6
Hesiod wrote “Theogony” (book of the gods)
At the beginning was Chaos
It beget Gaea (the earth), Eros (love), Erebos (darkness), Nyx (night).
Erebos (darkness) and Nyx (night) united and gave birth to Aethe (light) and Hemera (day).
The earth begot Pontus (sea) and so on…
Слайд 7
Altars and temples were erected
A whole class of people devoted
to conducting worship, who claimed to comprehend gods better than others (laymen), was formed
They saw themselves entitled to give advices to the people as to how to win the favor of or conciliate Gods.
They saw themselves entitled to give advices to the people as to how to win the favor of or conciliate Gods.
Слайд 8
Most of the early Greek philosophers accepted gods as the popular
mind accepted them.
They accounted for the Universe differently
God was the source of the original stuff and the power which established the order of the Universe
Possibly, they attempted to carry their religion in one basket and their philosophy in another and sometimes mixed them up in the process of thinking
They accounted for the Universe differently
God was the source of the original stuff and the power which established the order of the Universe
Possibly, they attempted to carry their religion in one basket and their philosophy in another and sometimes mixed them up in the process of thinking
Слайд 9
Heraclitus – strong dislike of the religion of the masses
“And
to these images they pray, just as if one were to converse with men’s houses, for they know not what gods and heroes are”
Слайд 10
Xenophanes – 6th century BC – God is one and unchangeable.
He lives in one place and never moves (though His parts can move). He is a whole, an eternal unity. He is One and All (pantheism)
“If oxen or lions had hands, and could paint and produce works of art as men do, horses would paint the forms of gods like horses and oxen like oxen. Each would represent them with bodies according to the form of each”
“So the Ethiopians make their gods black and snub-nosed; the Thracians give’em theirs red hair and blur eyes”
“If oxen or lions had hands, and could paint and produce works of art as men do, horses would paint the forms of gods like horses and oxen like oxen. Each would represent them with bodies according to the form of each”
“So the Ethiopians make their gods black and snub-nosed; the Thracians give’em theirs red hair and blur eyes”
Слайд 11
Sophists – these practical teachers of young men made it their
business to attack everything and gods did not get away lightly.
It became necessary for thinkers to ask themselves – what is the true conception of God?
It became necessary for thinkers to ask themselves – what is the true conception of God?
Слайд 12
Socrates – masses misunderstood him and condemned him to death for
his disbelieve in many gods
Plato has strewn the popular conceptions of gods in his works; still, sometimes he speaks about one God who is the master of the Universe (Demiurge) who takes already-created ideas and matter and moulds the Universe as an architect; he is the source of souls
Spirit of man is like God; the body is a prison for our mind - “We ought to fly away from earth as quickly as we can and to fly away is to become like God”
Plato has strewn the popular conceptions of gods in his works; still, sometimes he speaks about one God who is the master of the Universe (Demiurge) who takes already-created ideas and matter and moulds the Universe as an architect; he is the source of souls
Spirit of man is like God; the body is a prison for our mind - “We ought to fly away from earth as quickly as we can and to fly away is to become like God”
Слайд 13
Aristotle – there are 2 causes in the Universe - matter
and form. Forms are forces realizing themselves in the world of matter the way the ideas of the artist realize themselves in marble.
Matter moves because of form. Everything is alive, for matter constantly strives (or moves) to realize the form (the oak tree is the form and the acorn is the matter). And the atoms of the acorn were trying to combine into the acorn because the acorn was carrying in itself the form of the acorn.
Matter moves because of form. Everything is alive, for matter constantly strives (or moves) to realize the form (the oak tree is the form and the acorn is the matter). And the atoms of the acorn were trying to combine into the acorn because the acorn was carrying in itself the form of the acorn.
Слайд 14
At the very end of this movement, there is form
without matter – the Unmoved Mover
God is the center toward which everything strives; He is the unifying principle of the Universe. Every form is realized in Him.
He is pure intelligence and the ideal of every philosopher
God is the center toward which everything strives; He is the unifying principle of the Universe. Every form is realized in Him.
He is pure intelligence and the ideal of every philosopher
Слайд 16
Epicureans – they believed in many gods. Gods were shaped like
man, but were more beautiful, being made of light. They differed in sex, spoke the Greek and needed food. They don’t interfere with this world at all, being too perfect.
Some Skeptics – human reason is unable to know God at all and understand that He is existent. We cannot be sure about ourselves, as well.
Some Skeptics – human reason is unable to know God at all and understand that He is existent. We cannot be sure about ourselves, as well.
Слайд 17
Stoics – God is related to the world just like the
soul is related to the human body; He is the Soul of the Universe; all movement stems from it.
As all of the flower is contained in its seed, God is contained in everything in this Universe.
This God knows the future, punishes the evil and loves man.
He lives at the farthest circle of the universe and, from there, passes through everything just like our soul, being placed somewhere in our body, passes through the whole of it.
As all of the flower is contained in its seed, God is contained in everything in this Universe.
This God knows the future, punishes the evil and loves man.
He lives at the farthest circle of the universe and, from there, passes through everything just like our soul, being placed somewhere in our body, passes through the whole of it.
Слайд 18
Philo/Plotinus – brought the Hebrew tradition in contact with Greek philosophy
thinking that it was consistent with the best in Greek thought.
We can’t know what is He like for He is far above us in everything, but can be certain that He exists. But we can say what he is not like.
Anything we think of Him is too pure to be true of Him
He is absolutely good, perfect, blessed and, as such, cannot come into touch with matter.
We can’t know what is He like for He is far above us in everything, but can be certain that He exists. But we can say what he is not like.
Anything we think of Him is too pure to be true of Him
He is absolutely good, perfect, blessed and, as such, cannot come into touch with matter.
Слайд 19
He gives off powers which combine in one power called “the
Logos” or divine Wisdom, which is the intermediary between God and the world
For Plotinus, God is like an infinite stream which flows out but is never exhausted. The world depends upon God, but God does not need the world
For Plotinus, God is like an infinite stream which flows out but is never exhausted. The world depends upon God, but God does not need the world
Слайд 20
Creation is a fall from God. The matter is the farthest
thing from God. God is pure and the world is impure.
Слайд 21
Gospel of John (100 AD) – speaks about the Logos.
As
the Christianity became popular in the Greek-Roman world, the time was ripe to bring a harmony between it and the Greek philosophy.
Apologists - God is eternal, all good, all wise and absolute in every way, who creates out of nothing.
He predetermined everything right from the beginning.
Apologists - God is eternal, all good, all wise and absolute in every way, who creates out of nothing.
He predetermined everything right from the beginning.
Слайд 22
Augustine – God is the idealization of everything considered to be
good and worthy. His predetermination of everything is because of His virtue to know about everything.
John Scouts Erigena – God and his creation are one; God is in the world, the world is God, but God is more than the world; He is the world plus. The world is only a slight revelation of God.
Man can know something about God from looking at the universe, but this is only a small, insignificant part of God. He is never known fully
John Scouts Erigena – God and his creation are one; God is in the world, the world is God, but God is more than the world; He is the world plus. The world is only a slight revelation of God.
Man can know something about God from looking at the universe, but this is only a small, insignificant part of God. He is never known fully
Слайд 23
Trinity consists of:
The Father is One or Goodness
The Holy Ghost
or World Soul
The Logos or the mind of God
The Logos or the mind of God
Слайд 24
Roscelin – applied the doctrine of Nominalism to the Trinity. There
is no reality corresponding to the name “God”. There are only 3 different substances or persons equal in power.
In opposition to it, the Church officials saw that the preservation of the Trinity rested upon adoption of the Realism. The Universals are the only reals; individuals are forms of the universal.
Слайд 26
If God does nor exist, the idea of God would not
be the idea of the greatest think thinkable. Man could still think of something greater, something that did exist. The perfection of God implies the existence of God, because there is no perfection without being.
Слайд 27
Mysticism
God is to be experienced (contemplated), not to be known
No
amount of reasoning can give this understanding of God (Richard of St. Victor)
“The sweet home-coming from the land of bodies to the region of spirit, the surrender of the self in and to God”
All a man can do is to prepare himself through some exercises for “this plunge into the ocean of infinite truth”. And then… to wait.
“The sweet home-coming from the land of bodies to the region of spirit, the surrender of the self in and to God”
All a man can do is to prepare himself through some exercises for “this plunge into the ocean of infinite truth”. And then… to wait.
Слайд 30
John Duns Scotus – God is infinite will which is so
free that He can will or nor will just as He wants. All this is proven from the experience which we have of the world around us.
Слайд 31
Meister Eckhart – 13 and 14th centuries
God is inconceivable, something in
which all things are one.
God cannot reveal himself but becomes known only through the Trinity. Constantly the Tree Persons of the Trinity flow out of God and back into Him.
“I am God communicating Himself, I am immanent in the essence of God, He works through me, as I return to God in the mystic experience, I become one with God again”
God cannot reveal himself but becomes known only through the Trinity. Constantly the Tree Persons of the Trinity flow out of God and back into Him.
“I am God communicating Himself, I am immanent in the essence of God, He works through me, as I return to God in the mystic experience, I become one with God again”
Слайд 32
During the Renaissance, man undertook to think themselves free from the
prolonged dominance of the Church and its doctrines.
They found out some inconsistencies in some doctrines of the Scholastics but did not dispose of the idea of God
Nicolas of Cusa – we have to have an direct intuition of God like a mystic has. It is beyond reason where we can grasp the “learned ignorance” – the supersensible experience of God
They found out some inconsistencies in some doctrines of the Scholastics but did not dispose of the idea of God
Nicolas of Cusa – we have to have an direct intuition of God like a mystic has. It is beyond reason where we can grasp the “learned ignorance” – the supersensible experience of God
Слайд 33
Giordano Bruno – God is immanent in the universe, the principle
of activity. He is unity of all opposites on the world who Himself does not have any opposites. That’s what we cannot bring our minds around at all
Jacob Boehme – through the objects of the Universe God becomes conscious of Himself. This sort of craving gives rise to the universe with all its opposites.
Jacob Boehme – through the objects of the Universe God becomes conscious of Himself. This sort of craving gives rise to the universe with all its opposites.
Слайд 34
Theology and science were gradually divided, each take its own place.
Philosopher’s God seemed to differ from theologian’s God
Francis Bacon – the natural (provides us with a proof of His existence and tells nothing more) and the revealed theology (tells the rest).
“We must quit this small vessel of human reason, and put ourselves on board the ship of the Church, which alone possesses the divine needle for justly shaping the course”.
Francis Bacon – the natural (provides us with a proof of His existence and tells nothing more) and the revealed theology (tells the rest).
“We must quit this small vessel of human reason, and put ourselves on board the ship of the Church, which alone possesses the divine needle for justly shaping the course”.
Слайд 35
Thomas Hobbes – speaks of God as starting the universe in
motion and of Him as ruling the world through the human rulers of the world.
Descartes – tell us a great deal about God.
The cause of the idea of God must be as real as the idea, therefore, He exists.
Mind and body depend upon Him.
Descartes – tell us a great deal about God.
The cause of the idea of God must be as real as the idea, therefore, He exists.
Mind and body depend upon Him.
Слайд 38
Spinoza – outside God there is no substance. We know Him
through ideas and bodies, but this does not exhaust Him, He is far more than this, and we can never ever know Him completely.
God is neither personality nor conscience. He has no intelligence, feeling or will, has no purpose – everything follows from His nature according to strict law.
God is neither personality nor conscience. He has no intelligence, feeling or will, has no purpose – everything follows from His nature according to strict law.
Слайд 39
John Lock – we have no innate idea of God. We
should use our abilities properly.
We can built idea of God out of other ideas about experience we have (like power, pleasure, duration). But to do this, we should extend them to infinity.
Man studies himself and comes to know that he must have been fashioned by some being who is greater than he.
God established laws and we discover them through studying the Universe or through revelation. Gad can enforce these laws either by punishments or rewards in this and in the next world even to eternity.
We can built idea of God out of other ideas about experience we have (like power, pleasure, duration). But to do this, we should extend them to infinity.
Man studies himself and comes to know that he must have been fashioned by some being who is greater than he.
God established laws and we discover them through studying the Universe or through revelation. Gad can enforce these laws either by punishments or rewards in this and in the next world even to eternity.
Слайд 40
George Berkeley – God is the Supreme Being and the source
of everything. To say that a table existed only when he was perceiving it, did not satisfy him. God perceives it anyway and it exists as a thought in God’s mind even if I left the room.
God is the cause of this world which is immaterial, mental in its essence.
God is the cause of this world which is immaterial, mental in its essence.
Слайд 41
David Hume – human reason cannot demonstrate the nature of God.
He held all of the arguments of the previous philosophers to be faulty.
Our reason is too weak to construct any proper conception of God. But we should believe in Him, for such a belief is the basis of all human hopes, of morality, and of society.
Belief in God comes from our desire for happiness, fear of death and future misery, and the thirst for revenge. These emotional factors lead us to believe in God, not our reasoning.
Our reason is too weak to construct any proper conception of God. But we should believe in Him, for such a belief is the basis of all human hopes, of morality, and of society.
Belief in God comes from our desire for happiness, fear of death and future misery, and the thirst for revenge. These emotional factors lead us to believe in God, not our reasoning.
Слайд 42
Leibnitz – monads (self-contained units of the Universe) are ordered in
a series of increasing clearness. As opposite the dullest monad, there is the most perfect monad, that is, God.
Monads are shut off from one another, but God has constructed the world in a way that each monad acts as though it were influenced and were influencing.
We can have a glimpse of God when take qualities which we find in ourselves like goodness, power, knowledge and raising them to infinity.
God is unchangeable, He comprehends everything at a glance and completely.
Monads are shut off from one another, but God has constructed the world in a way that each monad acts as though it were influenced and were influencing.
We can have a glimpse of God when take qualities which we find in ourselves like goodness, power, knowledge and raising them to infinity.
God is unchangeable, He comprehends everything at a glance and completely.
Слайд 43
Immanuel Kant – God is the Highest Idea which man can
have, the idea of the highest unity, of the one Absolute Whole including and encompassing everything. But it is transcendent to experience.
It is one of the results of reason which brings under one head all happenings
He is necessary for the moral life
His argument for the existence of God: each individual can find it inherent in his reason that
It is one of the results of reason which brings under one head all happenings
He is necessary for the moral life
His argument for the existence of God: each individual can find it inherent in his reason that
Слайд 45
To live accordingly to an absolute good will deserves happiness.
But
many good people are unhappy and many evil people are happy
There must be wise, good and powerful God to join happiness and goodness.
We can form an idea of the Whole of the Universe and can personify it.
God is a necessary unknown brought back by our reason
There must be wise, good and powerful God to join happiness and goodness.
We can form an idea of the Whole of the Universe and can personify it.
God is a necessary unknown brought back by our reason
Слайд 46
Fichte – God is the universal active reason which cannot be
kept from creating.
He is a “Universal Life-Process” dominating conscience of every individual
Morality demands God; therefore, He exists
He is a “Universal Life-Process” dominating conscience of every individual
Morality demands God; therefore, He exists
Слайд 47
Friedrich Schleiermacher – it is impossible to ascribe to God the
usual attributes of personality, thought, will, and the like. He is the source of all life.
Only through religious feeling man can know Him, feeling absolute dependence. He is a “world ground”.
Only through religious feeling man can know Him, feeling absolute dependence. He is a “world ground”.
Слайд 48
Hegel – God is Idea, the entire process of evolution, past,
present and future. The reasoning process of historical unfolding is contained within God.
As the world develops through evolution, He becomes self-conscious more fully. He develops with the world.
As the world develops through evolution, He becomes self-conscious more fully. He develops with the world.
Слайд 49
Auguste Comte (Positivism) – all attempts to get at the essence
of things are symptoms of immature development of the human mind. We should give up all endeavors to discover God and preoccupy ourselves with discovering the relations existing between things, phenomena.
Слайд 50
Sir William Hamilton – to know anything about God is impossible
because the human mind can only know that which is conditioned by something else.
Herbert Spencer – all we can know is that which is finite and limited. But we can relate things to an Absolute or the Unknowable. He exists but what He is like no one can know.
Herbert Spencer – all we can know is that which is finite and limited. But we can relate things to an Absolute or the Unknowable. He exists but what He is like no one can know.
Слайд 52
William James – belief in God is necessary for the satisfaction
of man’s nature. We cannot prove anything about Him, but we have a will to believe in Him, and we must satisfy this will.
God is not divorced from the Universe. He is man’s great Companion, his helper. He is, as it were, man-like - conscious, personal, and good, but much more powerful than man.
God is not divorced from the Universe. He is man’s great Companion, his helper. He is, as it were, man-like - conscious, personal, and good, but much more powerful than man.
Слайд 53
John Dewey would not use the term God without defining it
in such a way that it ceases to have any real meaning.
He recognized that men do have some experiences which they have interpreted in terms of God.
He thinks that such interpretation carries with it too much that cannot be proven and, therefore, should not be made.
Man found himself in a universe that is incomprehensible and that deals out to him much that is evil in his sight. Attempt of man to account for the Universe is, in fact, his attempt to save himself from the evil of the world.
He recognized that men do have some experiences which they have interpreted in terms of God.
He thinks that such interpretation carries with it too much that cannot be proven and, therefore, should not be made.
Man found himself in a universe that is incomprehensible and that deals out to him much that is evil in his sight. Attempt of man to account for the Universe is, in fact, his attempt to save himself from the evil of the world.
Слайд 54
The religious tradition – more or less personal God caring for
man and who is the creator of the universe.
Слайд 55
The scientific tradition – is not so sure that there is
anything in the universe which cares for man or that the creative force of the Universe is anything like personality. It knows forces, drives, energies working and creating, and destroying. Man, with his values and wishes, is coming into being as these forces operate and is going to pieces as they continue to operate. Scientists would not dispute if someone is to give these forces the name “God”, but they will state that this word must not be applied with all its traditional connotations.
Слайд 56
The “Absolute” name has been put forward instead of the “God”
name either as the ground of the universe or of the unity of the Universe
