Written Scientific and Technical Communication презентация

Structure of a Scientific Paper Title, Authors and Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion References

Слайд 1Written Scientific and Technical Communication


Слайд 2Structure of a Scientific Paper
Title, Authors and Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords

Introduction

Materials and

Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

References

Слайд 3Structure of a Scientific Paper
Title, Authors and Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords

Introduction

Review

of Literature

Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

References

Слайд 4Structure of a Scientific Paper
Title, Authors and Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords

Introduction

Review

of Literature

Methods

Results and Discussion

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

References

Слайд 5Structure of a Scientific Paper: Introduction
Context
Establish the importance of your work



Need
Write about the opposition between actual and desired situations

Task
Clarify your contribution as a scientist

Object
Prepare readers for the structure of the paper

Слайд 6Structure of a Scientific Paper: Introduction

Context
Anchor your context in time and

space

Need
Emphasize the contrast with words like however, but etc.

Слайд 7Structure of a Scientific Paper: Introduction
Task
Ex.: During controlled experiments, we investigated the influence

of the HMP boundary conditions on liver flows.

Object
Ex.: This paper presents the flow effects induced by increasing the hepatic-artery pressure and by obstructing the vena cava inferior.

Слайд 8Structure of a Scientific Paper: Introduction

Task
We applied, assessed, calculated, compared, explored,

implemented… etc.

Object
The paper deals with, describes, presents, reports, summarizes… etc.

Слайд 9Amount/Quantity/Number

Amount: used with uncountable nouns

Quantity (more formal): used with both countable

and uncountable nouns

Number: used with countable nouns

Слайд 10Allow/Enable
Permit
Ex.: They allowed us to stay here.

Admit
Ex.: We must allow that money

causes problems in marriage.

Allocate a certain amount
Ex.: Leaving a half inch of air space in the drum allows for expansion of the liquid on hot days.

Слайд 11Allow/Enable
1a: to provide with the means or opportunity 
Ex.: training that enables people to

earn a living

b: to make possible, practical, or easy 
Ex.: a deal that would enable passage of a new law

c: to cause to operate 
software that enables the keyboard

2: to give legal power, capacity, or sanction to 
Ex.: a law enabling admission of a state


Слайд 12Despite/In spite of/Although

Despite, in spite of + NOUN
Despite his laziness, in

spite of his laziness
Despite the fact that he is lazy…
In spite of the fact that he is lazy…

Although + CLAUSE
Although he is lazy…

Слайд 13Accuracy/Precision

Accuracy is the degree to which a result agrees with

the theoretical value.


Precision indicates how well that result can be repeated.

Слайд 15Between/Among
used to describe one-to-one relationships

two items, groups, or people
Ex.:

The chair is between the window and the sofa.

more than two items, groups, or people
Ex.: The negotiations between the cheerleaders, the dance squad, and the flag team were going well.

Слайд 16Between/Among

used to talk about things which are not clearly separated because

they are part of a group or crowd or mass of objects

Ex.: The scandal caused a division among the fans.

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