TV news newsgathering презентация

(PR) Companies
Institutions: university, L3, chamber of commerce, etc.
Organizations (CAB, Lions Club, Red Hat Society)
Local government
Anniversary Stories
Court cases or Trials
Other Media News. Newspapers, Twitter etc. (legal)

is a co-op). Each agency has their own reporters, photographers and broadcast crews. The Associated Press transmits thousands of stories and hundreds of pictures every day. They have both footage and edited packages ready for transmission.

Associated Press (International organization)
Reuters (International organization)
United Press International (International organization)
CNN – different relationship
Network relationship—CBS, ABC, NBC

from traditional press based
agencies. These are dominated by western
based companies whose values are rooted in
British and American ideologies. So is
international news guilty of media imperialism?

Reuters TV
BBC News
APTN Associated Press Television News
CNN

construct & prioritize news stories and set their own news agenda

the news. Editors (editorial staff not video editors) will be overseeing the planning and preparation of the news all day long with their team.
What follows is an example of a typical day. BUT remember a late breaking important story can mean all the planning goes out of the window and everything has to change to roll with the news story OR new developments.

news agenda (9am)
News stories assigned researcher & reporters briefed
Crews sent out to start news gathering
Graphics and studio work organized
Video editors & producers prepare short items
Producer oversees rundown and assignment development
Assistant Producers write up stories
Library researchers get back up footage for stories
Video editors produce news packages for days stories

scripts
Program is rehearsed & final story selection made
Prompter script is finalized
VTR inserts / video files are cued up / set up
Producer & studio director can change rundown
Anchors have to be able to change running order
Director oversees process in control room
Crew: TD, server, Audio, prompter, graphics

Is it culturally close to us?
Amplitude: Is it a big event that affects large numbers?
Frequency: Does the event happen often?
Unambiguity: Is it clear and definite?
Predictability: Did we expect it to happen?
Surprise: Is it rare or unexpected event?
Continuity: Has it previously been defined as news?
Prominent Nations/People: Big countries or celebrities?
Personalization: Is it a human interest story?
Negativity: Is it bad news?
Balance: ”and finally” fun story to balance bad news…

deal with news
stories in newspapers but can be applied to TV news also.
Tunstall took a step further and argued that the following
factors also greatly shaped TV News.

Importance of the visual. If good footage is available the story may become more important in TV news agenda.
News stories with “own reporters” conducting IV’s or commentating are preferred.
TV News covers far fewer stories than newspapers. The stories are also shorter and generally in less depth.
Hard news or sound bite is preferred.

as being used by journalists in their
selection of news stories.

Conflict.
Hardship & Danger to the Community.
The Unusual.
Scandal.
Individualism.

stories can be covered in a 30 minute news program. So decisions have to be made which are not only due to news values but economics and ratings. News is rarely allowed to overrun.

Economics: It is impossible to have a news crew at every story across the world. TV News is expensive to make so resources have to be allocated carefully.

Ratings: Are important to broadcasters and it is essential that the news can hold or even attract an audience. ‘sweeps’

Ruge to refer to the decisions made by news producers when selecting or rejecting potential news stories.

A select few people are shaping the news stories that are reported daily to millions of audience members and they are shaping and determining what is news.

Consider why some events, issues of groups are presented in particular ways such as illegal immigrants. Also why some message and ideological views are rarely seen or heard on the news….

acts as a gatekeeper in some way as creating representations while they re-present the news. This includes producers, camera-people and also video editors etc. Their decisions depend upon the following.
The news values of the institution
The news values and priority of them to the show
The expectations of their audience
Their own ideological values
Their education, class and upbringing

CNN and most American mainstream ‘news’ has a liberal slant.
Stuart Hood (1972) argues that the majority of media gatekeepers practice “middle-class consensus politics” that affects their news agenda decisions.
Noam Chomsky argued for what he called the Propaganda Model of news – news agencies follow a particular pattern that reinforces the views of the ‘elite’ and provides ‘emotionally potent simplification’ to the mass audience that does not understand or care about ‘power’ – they are all ‘sheep’

writing both based on developing broadcast style skills but also trying to understand ‘slant’ and ‘propaganda’ better.

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