Prentice-Hall © 2002
Chapter 1: Matter—Its Properties and Measurement
General Chemistry
Principles and Modern Applications
Petrucci • Harwood • Herring
8th Edition
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Matter - Its Properties and Measurement презентация
Содержание
- 1. Matter - Its Properties and Measurement
- 2. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1
- 3. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1
- 4. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Slide of 19 States of Matter
- 5. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Slide of 19 Classification of Matter
- 6. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Slide of 19 Separations
- 7. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1
- 8. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1
- 9. Prof G. I. Csonka General Chemistry: Chapter
- 10. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1
- 11. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Slide of 19
- 12. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Slide of 19 Temperature
- 13. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Slide of 19 Relative Temperatures
- 14. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Slide of 19 Volume
- 15. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1
- 16. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1
- 17. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Slide of 19 Wrong units
- 18. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1
- 19. Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Prentice-Hall © 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Slide of 19 Contents Physical properties and states of matter Système International Units Uncertainty and significant figures Dimensional analysis
Слайд 1Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Philip Dutton
University of Windsor,
Canada
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Слайд 2Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Contents
Physical properties and
states of matter
Système International Units
Uncertainty and significant figures
Dimensional analysis
Système International Units
Uncertainty and significant figures
Dimensional analysis
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/chapterhttp://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/chapter1http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/chapter1/deluxe.html
Слайд 3Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Properties of Matter
Matter: Occupies
space, has mass and inertia
Composition: Parts or components ex. H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O
Properties: Distinguishing features
physical and chemical properties
Composition: Parts or components ex. H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O
Properties: Distinguishing features
physical and chemical properties
Слайд 7Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Separating Mixtures
mixture
Chromatography
Слайд 8Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Significant Figures
Number
6.29 g
0.00348 g
9.0
1.0 × 10-8
100 eggs
π = 3.14159
Count from left from first non-zero digit.
Significant
Figures
3
3
2
2
infinite
various
13.4
Слайд 9Prof G. I. Csonka
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Significant figures
Multiplying and
dividing.
Use the fewest significant figures.
Use the fewest significant figures.
0.01208 ÷ 0.236
= 0.0512
= 5.12 × 10-2
Слайд 10Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Units
S.I. Units
Length metre, m
Mass Kilogram,
kg
Time second, s
Temperature Kelvin, K
Quantity Mole, 6.022×1023 mol-1
Derived Quantities
Force Newton, kg m s-2
Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2
Eenergy Joule, kg m2 s-2
Time second, s
Temperature Kelvin, K
Quantity Mole, 6.022×1023 mol-1
Derived Quantities
Force Newton, kg m s-2
Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2
Eenergy Joule, kg m2 s-2
Other Common Units
Length Angstrom, Å, 10-8 cm
Volume Litre, L, 10-3 m3
Energy Calorie, cal, 4.184 J
Pressure
1 Atm = 101.325 kPa
1 Atm = 760 mm Hg
Слайд 15Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Density
= m/V
m=Vδ
V=m/δ
g/mL
Mass and volume are extensive properties
Density is an intensive property
g/mL
Mass and volume are extensive properties
Density is an intensive property
Слайд 16Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Conversion
What is the mass
of a cube of osmium that is 1.25 inches on each side?
Have volume, need density
= 22.48g/cm3
Слайд 18Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
Uncertainties
Systematic errors.
Thermometer constantly 2°C
too low.
Random errors
Limitation in reading a scale.
Precision
Reproducibility of a measurement.
Accuracy
How close to the real value.
Random errors
Limitation in reading a scale.
Precision
Reproducibility of a measurement.
Accuracy
How close to the real value.
Слайд 19Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Slide of 19
End of Chapter Questions
1,
3, 5, 12, 14, 17,
18, 20, 30, 41, 49,
50, 61, 72, 74, 79
18, 20, 30, 41, 49,
50, 61, 72, 74, 79
