The military and politics презентация

and disciplined
3) distinctive culture and set of values
4) armed forces are “above” politics

balance
Militarist regimes: Nazi
Militarism – refers to the achievement of ends by the use of military force. 2) It is a cultural and ideological phenomenon in which military priorities, ideals and values come to pervade larger society (glorification of armed forces, the recognition of war as a legitimate instrument of policy, a heightened sense of national patriotism, etc.)

serve as
An emergency services in the event of natural and other disasters
Used to police domestic civil riots or disputes

1989 in Novy Uzen (Zhana Ozen)

“Vityaz” - a special military unit (1000-2000) was sent from Moscow to suppress the conflict; military tanks, helicopters, and other military technique were used
Thus the dilemma: the use of the military as a public instrument to serve national interests or as a political weapon to further that goals of the government

interests groups that seek to shape or influence the content of policy itself.
The Cold War was sustained by the vested interests of the US and Soviet military

group of military officers who hold political power
The feature of the military rule is that members of the armed forces displace civilian politicians filling the leading posts in government on the basis of the person’s position within the military chain of command.

centered on a command council of officers whose members usually represent the three services (the army, navy, and air force)
Sometimes the military rule can have one dictator – General Pinochet in Chile, Colonel Papandopoulos in Greece (1974-1980)

In the USA or KZ– the president is a commander in chief of the military forces;
The liberal model of civil-military relations vs the penetration model where the military is controlled by the subjective methods that bind it to the civilian leadership, the process of politicization
Policy making is the responsibility of civil politicians
Strict political neutrality within the armed forces

a sudden and forcible seizure of power through illegal and unconstitutional action
They are carried by relatively small groups
They replace the government or ruling group without changing the regime or brining about broader social change (as in case with revolutions)
Ex: Latin America, Spain, Africa, parts of Asia

of legitimacy by civil rulers (Nigeria)
Conflict between the military and the government
A favorable international context (US support of Pinochet)

officers take charge against Democratic Party
1971 - Military coup on the economy; an event known as the "coup by memorandum"
1980 - Military coup between right- and left-wing groups.
1997 - Military coup during Islamic Welfare Party government2012 - Coup conspiracy
A Turkish court cleared 236 military suspects who had been accused of plotting to remove Erdogan when he was prime minister in 2003.
2016 - Coup fails

maintain domestic order
Three contrasting approaches to the nature of policing and the role that it plays in society
The liberal perspective
The conservative perspective
The radical perspective

is to preserve the authority of the state and ensure that its jurisdiction penetrates the community
The conservative – the police is viewed as tools of oppression that act in the interest of the state rather than the people and serves elites rather than the masses

a neutral body, the purpose of which is to maintain domestic order through the protection of individual rights and liberties
Two ways the government sues the police:
Civil policing – the enforcement of the criminal law
Political policing- the use of the police as a political rather than a civil instrument (control strikes, demonstrations, civil unrest, terrorism, etc.)

in which the liberal balance between police powers and civil liberties has been abandoned, allowing a system of arbitrary and indiscriminate policing to develop.
The police acts as a private army that is controlled by and acts in the interests of a ruling elite. (The NKVD,then KGB , Stasi)