Метод я́дерного магни́тного резона́нса презентация

Содержание

2. 1H NMR SPECTROSCOPY
3. Метод я́дерного магни́тного резона́нса (ЯМР) основан на взаимодействии внешнего магнитного
4. Сабақтың мақсаты: Ядролық магнитті резонанс әдісімен танысу ЯМР қарапайым спектрлерімен танысу
5. Тілдік терминология Ядролық магнитті резонанс -magnetic nuclear resonance- ядерно магнитный резонанс
6. Samples are dissolved in solvents free of
7. Chapter 13 No. of Signals = No. of Environments =>
8. Intensity of Signals ∝ Number of H
9. How Many Hydrogens? When the molecular formula
10. In a spectrum, there is one signal
11. 2 sets of equivalent
12. For each of the following compounds, predict
13. methylpropene propene 2-chloropropane propanone methylamine ethyl propanoate
14. 2 signals: ratio 6:2 (3:1) 3
15. 1,2-dibromopropane dimethylethyl propanoate but-2-ene
16. 3 signals: ratio 2:1:3 2 signals:
17. RELATIVE INTENSITY There are
18. Integral given as number/ratio of H
19. CHEMICAL SHIFT
20. What are the frequencies of these Hs?
21. What are the frequencies of these Hs?
22. What are the frequencies of these Hs?
23. 0 H next door singlet (s) 1
24. SPIN-SPIN COUPLING
25. Splitting for 3,methylpropan-2-one
26. Number of H’s next door +1 But
27. Hydroxyl Proton Ethanol with a small amount
28. Explain the splitting patterns
30. Explain the splitting patterns
32. Explain the splitting patterns
34. Hydroxyl Proton Arises because the H on
36. Identifying the O-H or N-H Peak Chemical
38. Number of signals Position of
39. For each of the following compounds, predict
40. 2 signals: ratio 6 : 2
41. 3 signals: ratio 2 : 1
43. 13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY
44. 13C NMR spectra are often simpler than
45. Data from AQA datasheet
46. Data from AQA datasheet
47. Data from AQA datasheet

1H NMR SPECTROSCOPY

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Физика
Метод я́дерного магни́тного резона́нса

Слайд 1

Слайд 21H NMR SPECTROSCOPY

Слайд 3Метод я́дерного магни́тного резона́нса (ЯМР) основан на взаимодействии внешнего магнитного поля) основан на взаимодействии

внешнего магнитного поля сядрами) основан на взаимодействии внешнего магнитного поля сядрами, имеющими магнитный момент, т. е. для ядер с ненулевым спином. К ним относятся 1Н, 13С, 15N,35P и другие. Спектроскопия ЯМР на ядрах 1Н в настоящее время наиболее развита и получила название протонный магнитный резонанс (ПМР). Ядролық магниттік резонанс (ЯМР) сыртқы магниттік өрістің магнитті моменті бар ядролармен өзара әрекетіне негізделген. Оларға 1Н, 13С, 15N,35P және басқалар жатады. Ядросында 1Н бар спектроскопия қазір жақсы дамыған және ол протонды магнитті резонанс (ПМР) деп аталады.

Слайд 4Сабақтың мақсаты: Ядролық магнитті резонанс әдісімен танысу ЯМР қарапайым спектрлерімен танысу

Слайд 5Тілдік терминология Ядролық магнитті резонанс -magnetic nuclear resonance- ядерно магнитный резонанс

Слайд 6Samples are dissolved in solvents free of 1H atoms, e.g. CCl4,

CDCl3.

A small amount of TMS (tetramethylsilane) is added to calibrate the spectrum.

It is used because:

its signal is away from all the others
it only gives one signal
it is non-toxic
it is inert
it has a low boiling point so is easy to remove

SOLVENTS & CALIBRATION

Слайд 7Chapter 13
No. of Signals = No. of Environments
=>

Слайд 8Intensity of Signals ∝ Number of H
The area under each peak

is proportional to the number of protons.
Площадь под каждым пиком пропорциональна числу протонов
Shown by integral trace. Показанный на интегральной кривой.

Слайд 9How Many Hydrogens?
When the molecular formula is known, each integral rise

can be assigned to a particular number of hydrogens.

Слайд 10In a spectrum, there is one signal for each set of

equivalent H atoms. В спектре , есть один сигнал для каждого набора эквивалентных атомов Н .
The intensity of each signal being proportional to the number of equivalent H atoms it represents.
Интенсивность каждого сигнала пропорциональна количеству эквивалентных атомов Н он представляет.

EQUIVALENT H's

Слайд 11

2 sets of equivalent H’s: ratio 6:2 (3:1)

4 sets of

equivalent H’s: ratio 3:1:2:3

5 sets of equivalent H’s: ratio 3:1:2:2:3

4 sets of equivalent H’s: ratio 6:1:2:3

Слайд 12For each of the following compounds, predict the number of signals

and the relative intensity of the signals.

a) methylpropene
propene
2-chloropropane
propanone
methylamine

ethyl propanoate
1,2-dibromopropane
dimethylethyl propanoate
but-2-ene

Слайд 13methylpropene
propene
2-chloropropane
propanone
methylamine
ethyl propanoate

Слайд 142 signals: ratio 6:2 (3:1)
3 signals: ratio 2:1:3
2 signals:

ratio 6:1

1 signal

2 signals: ratio 3:2

4 signals: ratio 3:2:2:3

methylpropene

propene

2-chloropropane

propanone

methylamine

ethyl propanoate

Слайд 151,2-dibromopropane
dimethylethyl propanoate
but-2-ene

Слайд 163 signals: ratio 2:1:3
2 signals: ratio 6:2 (3:1)
3 signals:

ratio 3:2:9

1,2-dibromopropane

dimethylethyl propanoate

but-2-ene

Слайд 17
RELATIVE INTENSITY

There are four signals here – each has the

same area and so represents the same number of H atoms

Слайд 18Integral given as number/ratio of H

Слайд 19CHEMICAL SHIFT

Слайд 20What
are
the
frequencies
of
these
Hs?

Слайд 21What
are
the
frequencies
of
these
Hs?

Слайд 22What
are
the
frequencies
of
these
Hs?

Слайд 230 H next door
singlet (s)
1 H next door
doublet (d)
2 H next

door
triplet (t)

3 H next door
quartet (q)

more H next door
multiplet (m)

n+1

Слайд 24

SPIN-SPIN COUPLING

Слайд 25Splitting for 3,methylpropan-2-one

Слайд 26Number of H’s next door +1
But you don’t couple to
H’s that

are equivalent
H’s on O’s

Слайд 27Hydroxyl Proton
Ethanol with a small amount of acidic or basic impurities

will not show splitting.

Слайд 28

Explain the splitting patterns

Слайд 29

Слайд 30

Explain the splitting patterns

Слайд 31

Слайд 32

Explain the splitting patterns

Слайд 33

Слайд 34Hydroxyl Proton
Arises because the H on the OH, rapidly exchanges with

protons on other molecules (such as water or acids) and is not attached to any particular oxygen long enough to register a splitting signal.

Слайд 35

Слайд 36Identifying the O-H or N-H Peak
Chemical shift will depend on concentration

and solvent.
To verify that a particular peak is due to O-H or N-H, shake the sample with D2O
Deuterium will exchange with the O-H or N-H protons.
On a second NMR spectrum the peak will be absent, or much less intense.

Слайд 37

Слайд 38Number of signals

Position of signals

Relative intensities

Splitting

how many different sets of equivalent H atoms there are

information about chemical environment of H atom

gives ratio of H atoms for peaks

how many H atoms on adjacent C atoms

SUMMARY

Слайд 39For each of the following compounds, predict the number of signals,

the relative intensity of the signals, and the multiplicity of each signal.

a) methylpropene
propene
2-chloropropane
propanone
methylamine

ethyl propanoate
1,2-dibromopropane
dimethylethyl propanoate
but-2-ene

Слайд 402 signals: ratio 6 : 2 (3 :1)

s s

3 signals: ratio 2 : 1 : 3
d m d

2 signals: ratio 6 : 1
d m

1 signal

2 signals: ratio 3 : 2
t q

4 signals: ratio 3 : 2 : 2 : 3
t q q t

Слайд 413 signals: ratio 2 : 1 : 3

d m d

2 signals: ratio 6 : 2 (3 :1)
d q

3 signals: ratio 3 : 2 : 9
t q s

Слайд 42

Слайд 4313C NMR SPECTROSCOPY

Слайд 4413C NMR spectra are often simpler than 1H NMR spectra.
They give

a lot of valuable information about the chemical environment of C atoms (e.g. the difference between C atoms in C=O, C-N, C≡N, C-C, C=C, etc.).
There is one signal for each set of equivalent C atoms.
There is no coupling (unlike 1H NMR).
The size of signal is not relative to the number of equivalent C atoms (unlike H atoms in 1H NMR).
As in 1H NMR, the chemical shift (d) is measured relative to TMS.
Although deuterated solvents are usually used, there will be a signal for any C atoms in the solvent.

KEY POINTS

Слайд 45Data from AQA datasheet

Слайд 46Data from AQA datasheet

Слайд 47Data from AQA datasheet

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Метод я́дерного магни́тного резона́нса презентация

Содержание

Слайд 1

Слайд 21H NMR SPECTROSCOPY

Слайд 3Метод я́дерного магни́тного резона́нса (ЯМР) основан на взаимодействии внешнего магнитного поля) основан на взаимодействии

Слайд 4Сабақтың мақсаты: Ядролық магнитті резонанс әдісімен танысу ЯМР қарапайым спектрлерімен танысу

Слайд 5Тілдік терминология Ядролық магнитті резонанс -magnetic nuclear resonance- ядерно магнитный резонанс

Слайд 6Samples are dissolved in solvents free of 1H atoms, e.g. CCl4,

Слайд 7Chapter 13No. of Signals = No. of Environments=>

Слайд 8Intensity of Signals ∝ Number of HThe area under each peak

Слайд 9How Many Hydrogens?When the molecular formula is known, each integral rise

Слайд 10In a spectrum, there is one signal for each set of

Слайд 112 sets of equivalent H’s: ratio 6:2 (3:1)4 sets of

Слайд 12For each of the following compounds, predict the number of signals

Слайд 13methylpropenepropene2-chloropropanepropanonemethylamineethyl propanoate

Слайд 142 signals: ratio 6:2 (3:1)3 signals: ratio 2:1:32 signals:

Слайд 151,2-dibromopropanedimethylethyl propanoatebut-2-ene

Слайд 163 signals: ratio 2:1:32 signals: ratio 6:2 (3:1)3 signals:

Слайд 17RELATIVE INTENSITY There are four signals here – each has the

Слайд 18Integral given as number/ratio of H

Слайд 19CHEMICAL SHIFT

Слайд 20What are the frequencies of these Hs?

Слайд 21What are the frequencies of these Hs?

Слайд 22What are the frequencies of these Hs?

Слайд 230 H next doorsinglet (s)1 H next doordoublet (d)2 H next

Слайд 24SPIN-SPIN COUPLING