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Life in space презентация
Содержание
- 1. Life in space
- 2. Gravity is one of the most fundamental
- 3. Microgravity Once in orbit spacecraft and space
- 4. The microgravity environment of space can be
- 5. Life on Earth has developed in a
- 6. When exposed to a microgravity environment humans
- 7. The microgravity environment causes a rapid loss
- 8. In the absence of gravity muscles in
- 9. The effect of the space environment on
- 10. The Vestibular System
- 11. The Vestibular System maintains balance by sending
- 12. Space Motion Sickness is experienced by more
- 13. The spacecraft or space station must provide
- 14. Astronauts are exposed to ionizing radiation from
- 15. The acute effects of radiation exposure are
- 16. The long term effects of radiation exposure
- 17. As human space flight moves from relatively
- 18. In order to understand the effect of
Gravity is one of the most fundamental forces in the universe. Acceleration due to gravity near the Earth’s surface is 9.8 m/s2 this is called 1 ‘g’. Gravity
Слайд 2Gravity is one of the most fundamental forces in the universe.
Acceleration
due to gravity near the Earth’s surface is 9.8 m/s2 this is called 1 ‘g’.
Gravity
Слайд 3Microgravity
Once in orbit spacecraft and space stations are microgravity environments.
As
they “fall” around the Earth astronauts experience weightlessness.
Слайд 4The microgravity environment of space can be used by scientists to
remove the effects of gravity while undertaking experiments.
Science in Microgravity
Слайд 5Life on Earth has developed in a 1 ‘g’ environment and
many of our bodies system rely on gravity.
The reliance of the human body on gravity is clearly seen when gravity is removed.
The reliance of the human body on gravity is clearly seen when gravity is removed.
Microgravity
Слайд 6When exposed to a microgravity environment humans experience many side effects.
Headward
fluid shift or “Puffy Face” is the first effect noticed as the absence of gravity allows blood to move from the lower body to the head.
Humans in Microgravity
Слайд 7The microgravity environment causes a rapid loss of bone density.
This is
thought to be caused by gravity playing a role in the generation of the hormones responsible for bone growth.
Humans in Microgravity
Слайд 8In the absence of gravity muscles in the legs and back
begin to weaken and atrophy as they are no longer required to support the weight of the astronauts.
Humans in Microgravity
Слайд 9The effect of the space environment on the brain and nervous
system is an important area of study.
The space environment has a large effect on the biological clock and sleeping patterns of astronauts.
The space environment has a large effect on the biological clock and sleeping patterns of astronauts.
Space and the Brain
Слайд 11The Vestibular System maintains balance by sending information to the brain
about position and movement by sensing gravity.
In microgravity the vestibular system becomes confused and astronauts can experience dizziness and space motion sickness.
As astronauts adapt to the microgravity environment they begin to rely on visual sensory input for reference.
In microgravity the vestibular system becomes confused and astronauts can experience dizziness and space motion sickness.
As astronauts adapt to the microgravity environment they begin to rely on visual sensory input for reference.
The Vestibular System
Слайд 12Space Motion Sickness is experienced by more than 50% of all
astronauts during their first few days exposure to microgravity.
It results in nausea and vomiting and is detrimental to crew performance.
It results in nausea and vomiting and is detrimental to crew performance.
Space Motion Sickness
Слайд 13The spacecraft or space station must provide a pressurised environment, safe
air and drinking water.
The environment must be monitored to avoid microbial contamination this leads to a decrease in the astronaut’s immune function.
The environment must be monitored to avoid microbial contamination this leads to a decrease in the astronaut’s immune function.
The Spacecraft Environment
Слайд 14Astronauts are exposed to ionizing radiation from the sun.
The effects of
radiation are separated into two categories: acute and long term.
Radiation
Слайд 15The acute effects of radiation exposure are those that are immediately
seen:
Nausea
Vomiting
Skin-reddening
Dehydration
Because only moderate doses of radiation are encountered these effects aren’t usually seen in astronauts.
Nausea
Vomiting
Skin-reddening
Dehydration
Because only moderate doses of radiation are encountered these effects aren’t usually seen in astronauts.
Acute Effects of Radiation
Слайд 16The long term effects of radiation exposure are much more dangerous
to astronauts.
The passage of a charged particle through a cell causes ionisation of the cellular structure causing cell death.
Most dangerous is the non-lethal mutation of DNA molecules which can lead to cancer.
The passage of a charged particle through a cell causes ionisation of the cellular structure causing cell death.
Most dangerous is the non-lethal mutation of DNA molecules which can lead to cancer.
Long Term Effects of Radiation
Слайд 17As human space flight moves from relatively short term missions into
long duration space flight like the 3 year trip to Mars we must study the effect of long term exposure to the space environment.
Long Duration Space Flight
Слайд 18In order to understand the effect of space on biology scientists
study plants and animals in space.
This is important not only for biological study but also for investigating plants for food and environmental functions in space.
This is important not only for biological study but also for investigating plants for food and environmental functions in space.
Studying Plants and Animals
