IE350 Alternative Energy Course презентация

# 2
Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

outruns – Power Crisis

force of one newton for a distance of one meter. Power = Energy / Time; P=E/t
If it is generated or spent during 1 second, then the generator or consumer has the power capacity of 1 watt:
1watt = 1Joule/1second; W=J/s

Lecture #1 - Introduction

seconds • 60 minutes = 1 kWh of energy. = 3.6 million Joules

Lecture #1 - Introduction

1°C the 1 gram of water.
Joule (J): - energy required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one meter. - The work required to move an electric charge of one coulomb through an electrical potential difference of one volt; or one coulomb volt, with the symbol C·V. - The work done to produce power of one watt continuously for one second; or one watt second (compare kilowatt-hour), with the symbol W·s. 1 kWh = 1000 W · 3600 S = 3.6 · 106 J (W·s) = 3.6 MJ.
1 cal ≈ 4.184 Joules
BTU = British Thermal Unit = amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. 143 BTU is required to melt a pound of ice.
1 BTU ≡ 1054.35 Joules ≈ 1/3600 kilowatt hour.
MMBTU = 1 000 000 BTU, here M = Mille = 1000 (not Mega, every where else M = Mega = 1 000 000)
We will frequently use: Exajoule (EJ) = 1018 J, 1 EJ = 277.[7] billion kWh; Quad = quadrillion BTU = 1015 BTU, 1 EJ ≈ 1 Quad
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)

total for the column “Time used per month, h” meaningless.
-5 no percentages calculated.
-3 no excel functions used or no excel used.
-3 formatting - unnecessary or insufficient decimals.
-3 not compared with real bill.
-2 for capacity mismatch related representation. Use total power capacity for each line.
-2 some missing important items. e.g. fridge.
-2 power rating for some items unrealistic.
-2 times for some items unrealistic – hence mismatch with the real paid bill.
-2 tariff rating either incorrect and or unrealistically uniform
-2 calculation unclear

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

human energy consumption

How much energy do we need?
Where do we spend energy?
Home: heat; light; electricity (homework).
Industry:
agriculture
manufacturing
services
infrastructure, transportation.
Industrial Revolution and Energy.

TWh).
This is equivalent to an average energy consumption rate of 15 terawatts (1.504×1013 W).

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

wind power 600 EJ (167,000 TWh),
geothermal energy 500 EJ (139,000 TWh),
biomass 250 EJ (70,000 TWh),
hydropower 50 EJ (14,000 TWh)
ocean energy 1 EJ (280 TWh).

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

of energy)

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

USA, Armenia

Armenia

energy consumption

Energy Flow, 2005, Quads

U.S. Energy Information Administration (Department of Energy).

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

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Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

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Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

MWh
Transportation: 28 000 MWh (Thermal and transport in equivalent of primary energy calorific content)

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

in primary energy demand

Growth in electricity demand

IEA forecast 2006-30

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

8
Nuclear: 3
Hydro: 2
Thermal. 2

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

Armenia

b. mankind, if the average world consumption rate per capita is the same as in the USA.

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia