IE350 Alternative Energy Course презентация

Содержание

Energy vs. Power Lecture #1 - Introduction Fuel ends – Energy Crisis The bear outruns – Power Crisis

Слайд 1Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia
IE350 Alternative Energy Course
Lecture

# 2
Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia

Слайд 2Energy vs. Power
Lecture #1 - Introduction
Fuel ends – Energy Crisis
The bear

outruns – Power Crisis

Слайд 3Units 1
1 Joule - amount of energy required to exert a

force of one newton for a distance of one meter. Power = Energy / Time; P=E/t
If it is generated or spent during 1 second, then the generator or consumer has the power capacity of 1 watt:
1watt = 1Joule/1second; W=J/s

Lecture #1 - Introduction


Слайд 4Units 2
E = P•t
1000W = 1kW of power capacity.
1kW • 60

seconds • 60 minutes = 1 kWh of energy. = 3.6 million Joules

Lecture #1 - Introduction


Слайд 5Lecture #1 - Introduction
Units 3
Calorie (cal) = heat to increase by

1°C the 1 gram of water.
Joule (J): - energy required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one meter. - The work required to move an electric charge of one coulomb through an electrical potential difference of one volt; or one coulomb volt, with the symbol C·V. - The work done to produce power of one watt continuously for one second; or one watt second (compare kilowatt-hour), with the symbol W·s. 1 kWh = 1000 W · 3600 S = 3.6 · 106 J (W·s) = 3.6 MJ.
1 cal ≈ 4.184 Joules
BTU = British Thermal Unit = amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. 143 BTU is required to melt a pound of ice.
1 BTU ≡ 1054.35 Joules ≈ 1/3600 kilowatt hour.
MMBTU = 1 000 000 BTU, here M = Mille = 1000 (not Mega, every where else M = Mega = 1 000 000)
We will frequently use: Exajoule (EJ) = 1018 J, 1 EJ = 277.[7] billion kWh; Quad = quadrillion BTU = 1015 BTU, 1 EJ ≈ 1 Quad
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)

Слайд 6Your homework
-5 for capacity mismatch related unclear calculation.
-5 incorrect units used.
-5

total for the column “Time used per month, h” meaningless.
-5 no percentages calculated.
-3 no excel functions used or no excel used.
-3 formatting - unnecessary or insufficient decimals.
-3 not compared with real bill.
-2 for capacity mismatch related representation. Use total power capacity for each line.
-2 some missing important items. e.g. fridge.
-2 power rating for some items unrealistic.
-2 times for some items unrealistic – hence mismatch with the real paid bill.
-2 tariff rating either incorrect and or unrealistically uniform
-2 calculation unclear

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 7Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia
1 The history of

human energy consumption

How much energy do we need?
Where do we spend energy?
Home: heat; light; electricity (homework).
Industry:
agriculture
manufacturing
services
infrastructure, transportation.
Industrial Revolution and Energy.


Слайд 8Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia
The Coming Oil Crisis


Слайд 9Increasing demand!
In 2008, total worldwide energy consumption was 474 exajoules (474×1018 J=132,000

TWh).
This is equivalent to an average energy consumption rate of 15 terawatts (1.504×1013 W).

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 10The potential for renewable energy
solar energy >1600 EJ (444,000 TWh),


wind power 600 EJ (167,000 TWh),
geothermal energy 500 EJ (139,000 TWh),
biomass 250 EJ (70,000 TWh),
hydropower 50 EJ (14,000 TWh)
ocean energy 1 EJ (280 TWh).

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 11Rate of world energy usage in terawatts (TW), 1965–2005 (all types

of energy)


Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 12

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 13GDP and energy consumption in Japan

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World,

USA, Armenia

Слайд 14Energy intensity of different economies

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA,

Armenia

Слайд 15Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia
The history of human

energy consumption

Energy Flow, 2005, Quads


Слайд 16U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2009. From the

U.S. Energy Information Administration (Department of Energy).


Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 17

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 18
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 19
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 20http://www.iea.org/etp/explore/

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 21
= Billion kWh
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 221988Ã.
î»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝ

3 560 Øìï
¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ 15.28 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ
êå³éáõ٠ѳÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ 12.36 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ
²ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ 2.92 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ

¾Ý»ñ·³ÏÇñÝ»ñÇ ëå³éáõÙÁ
1985-1988ÃÃ. - 12-13 ÙÉÝ. ï.å.í./ï³ñÇ

вڲêî²ÜÆ ¾Üºð¶²Ø²Î²ð¶

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 233 058Øìï – ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝ

(850 Øìï)
8 036 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ – ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù
5 924 ÙÉñ¹. ÏìïÅ – í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³éáõÙ
1 551 .9 ÙÉÝ. ÏìïÅ – ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ
96.7 ÙÉÝ. ÏìïÅ – Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙ
1 595 Øìï – ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ åÇÏ (20:00)
~930 000 – µ³Å³Ýáñ¹

¾Ý»ñ·³Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ
2012Ã.

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 242012Ã.-Ç Ñ½áñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨
¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ßí»ÏßÇé
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 25¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ßí»ÏßÇé

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 26Armenia’s Energy Consumption, 2010
Electric power: 5 500 MWh
Thermal Energy: 10 000

MWh
Transportation: 28 000 MWh (Thermal and transport in equivalent of primary energy calorific content)

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 27Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 28

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 29
Today’s energy challenge Rising demand




China
105%
195%



India
126%
282%



Europe and North America
11%
31%



M. East and Africa
73%
131%

Growth

in primary energy demand

Growth in electricity demand

IEA forecast 2006-30

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 30Electrical Energy Production, World, 18000 Bln KWh
Cost E-Cent/ kWh
Solar-P: 50
Solar-T: 10- 20
Wind:

8
Nuclear: 3
Hydro: 2
Thermal. 2


Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


Слайд 31Average Solar Radiation per Day
Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA,

Armenia

Слайд 32Homework
Calculate how many times more energy annually will need a. China,

b. mankind, if the average world consumption rate per capita is the same as in the USA.

Lecture #2 - Energy Outlook: World, USA, Armenia


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