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Argumentation and Logical Fallacies презентация
Содержание
- 1. Argumentation and Logical Fallacies
- 2. Argumentation Communicative process of forming reasons and
- 3. Question Time What is the difference between Argument and Opinion?
- 4. The structure of argument Claim/Thesis Support/Proof Inference/Conclusion
- 5. TOULMIN’S MODEL CLAIM – Using animals in
- 6. HOW TO SUPPORT YOUR THESIS PROPERLY Using
- 7. -ARGUMENTATION USING EXAMPLE After a legalizing of marijuana, drug use has declined in Netherlands
- 8. -ARGUMENTATION USING ANALOGY Marijuana is similar to
- 9. -ARGUMENTATION USING CAUSAL CONNECTION Legalization of marijuana
- 10. -ARGUMENTATION USING ATTRIBUTE Those countries where punishment
- 11. -ARGUMENTATION USING AUTHORITY Professor Asmolov of MGU
- 12. HOW TO BUILD AN ARGUMENT ?
- 13. LET US CONSTRUCT SOME ARGUMENTS
- 14. LOGICAL FALLACIES
- 15. APPEAL TO NATURE NATURAL = GOOD/VALID/JUSTIFIED
- 16. AD HOMINEM Attacking your opponent instead of attacking the argument
- 17. QUESTIONABLE AUTHORITY British Scientists say that a dead human can reborn after the lightning strike
- 18. SNOWBALL Bringing your argument to an absurd
- 19. CONTROVERSY INSIDE THE ARGUMENT Our house supports
- 20. HASTY GENERALIZATION Windows XP was a great OS, therefore all Windows OS’ are great
- 21. THE ALLEGATIONS The mistake is that the
- 22. FALSE CAUSE Once streetlights are
- 23. NO TRUE SCOTSMAN "no true Scotsman would do such
Argumentation Communicative process of forming reasons and of drawing conclusions and applying them to a case in discussion, in order to convince others. Crucial and an integral part of the
Слайд 2Argumentation
Communicative process of forming reasons and of drawing conclusions and applying
them to a case in discussion, in order to convince others.
Crucial and an integral part of the Debates
Brings order and constructiveness into disputes
Crucial and an integral part of the Debates
Brings order and constructiveness into disputes
Слайд 5TOULMIN’S MODEL
CLAIM – Using animals in scientific experiments is justified
DATA -
Scientific experiments on animals can save human life's
WARRANT – What saves human life's is justified
WARRANT – What saves human life's is justified
Слайд 6HOW TO SUPPORT YOUR THESIS PROPERLY
Using example
Using analogy
Using causal connections
Using attribute
Using
authority
Слайд 7-ARGUMENTATION USING EXAMPLE
After a legalizing of marijuana, drug use has declined
in Netherlands
Слайд 8-ARGUMENTATION USING ANALOGY
Marijuana is similar to alcohol. Because of the legality
of selling alcohol, selling marijuana should be legalized as well
Слайд 9-ARGUMENTATION USING CAUSAL CONNECTION
Legalization of marijuana will decrease the amount of
organized crime, because it will eliminate black market which is controlled by organized crime.
Слайд 10-ARGUMENTATION USING ATTRIBUTE
Those countries where punishment for illegal drug selling is
very strict, crime rates are lower. Strict punishment is effective tool in fighting against crime
Слайд 11-ARGUMENTATION USING AUTHORITY
Professor Asmolov of MGU University has conducted a detailed
research of human psychology on the subject of drug addiction. In his opinion,...
Слайд 12HOW TO BUILD AN ARGUMENT ? !
Thesis was proposed
Thesis was
explained
Thesis was proven
Conclusion was made
Thesis was proven
Conclusion was made
Слайд 17QUESTIONABLE AUTHORITY
British Scientists say that a dead human can reborn after
the lightning strike
Слайд 18SNOWBALL
Bringing your argument to an absurd level, by making the logical
chain that actually breaks easily between the points
A-> B-> C-> D-> E.
My pencil was broken – >I will fail the exam because of this – > I will be expelled from my university -> I won’t be able to find a job –> I will have no money for the medicines -> I will die from the disease.
A-> B-> C-> D-> E.
My pencil was broken – >I will fail the exam because of this – > I will be expelled from my university -> I won’t be able to find a job –> I will have no money for the medicines -> I will die from the disease.
Слайд 19CONTROVERSY INSIDE THE ARGUMENT
Our house supports the idea of the humane
State………………………………
…………………………………….
Let us legalize the capital punishment
…………………………………….
Let us legalize the capital punishment
Слайд 21THE ALLEGATIONS
The mistake is that the speaker during speech operates with
such terms as “it’s bad" or "it's good",
while in the same time not saying
“why it is bad?” and “why it is good?”
- BECAUSE IT’S GOOD
while in the same time not saying
“why it is bad?” and “why it is good?”
- BECAUSE IT’S GOOD
Слайд 22FALSE CAUSE
Once streetlights are off, the sun sets.
Let us never
to turn off lights, in order for the sun to stay forever
Слайд 23NO TRUE SCOTSMAN
"no true Scotsman would do such a thing“
“No true Scotsman” is
a logical fallacy that occurs when someone changes the definition of a word to make a claim true by default
