Communication Across Cultures презентация

are raised in a particular culture and learn its language, rules and norms.Different cultures ( & sub culture) may have different rules & norms. Understanding the other’s culture facilitates cross cultural communication.

with strangers involves relatively greater degree of uncertainty, due to the difficulty it predicting a stranger’s responses.

seek out information from other friends of the stranger or from books.
One may seek information directly from the stranger by interacting with them & asking questions.

interpretation of the interaction
Cultures are either high- or low- context

one has to read between the lines and interpret meaning from one’s general understanding.
In low-context cultures, where personal and business relationships are more separated, communication media have to be more explicit. Feelings and thoughts are expressed in words, and information is more readily available.

to explode
The language experts communicates the Arabic culture as one of emotional extremes
Contains means for over expression
What is said is not as important as how it is said

friendship, honor, religion, and traditional hospitality.
Women play little or no role in business or entertainment – it is a male-dominated society.

the recipient
Encode the message in a form that will most likely be understood as it is intended
This means the manager must
Be aware of their own culture
The recipient’s culture
The expectations surrounding the situation

make the best choice regarding
Words
Gestures
Remember that language translation is only part of the process, consider the nonverbal language as well

the message
Level of importance
Expectations of the receiver

interactions
Best means for avoiding miscommunication is to improve your own listening and observation skills
Three types of miscommunications:
Receiver misinterpreted the message
Receiver encoded response incorrectly
Sender misinterprets the feedback

to respond in a descriptive, non-evaluative, and non-judgmental way
Orientation to knowledge – understand that your beliefs and perceptions are only valid for you and not everyone else.

distance
Body contact
Eye contact

and nonverbal communication

Relationship communication
Discourages confrontational strategies
Strategically ambiguous communication
Delayed feedback
Patient, longer term negotiators
Uses fewer words

U.S Style of Communication

More direct verbal and nonverbal communication
More task communication
Confrontational strategies more acceptable
Prefers more to-the-point communication
More immediate feedback
Shorter term negotiators
Favors verbosity

orientation
Careful while making decision.

Softer, heart like logic
Avoids decision making in public

Promotes verbal communication.

More individualistic orientation
More confident, self-assured
Harder, analytic logic preferred
Frequent decision making in public

away from public eye
Uses go-betweens for decision making


Understatement and hesitation in verbal and nonverbal communication

Frequent decisions in public at negotiating tables
More extensive use of direct person-to-person, player-to-player interaction for decisions
May publicly speak in superlatives, exaggerations, nonverbal projection

communicator
Receiver/listening-centered
Shy, reserved communicators
Distaste for purely business transactions
Mixes social and business communication

Favors fewer qualifiers, more ego-centered

More speaker- and message-centered

More publicly confident

Prefers to “get down to business” .

Tends to keep business negotiating more separated from social communication

achieving group adjustments and saving face in negotiating.

More directly verbalizes management’s preference at negotiating tables.

common hand gestures with their meanings. You will be surprised to know that some gestures that you perform almost casually has a really different meaning in different cultures.

meaning things are going according to your plans or something you approve of. In Australia, a thumbs-up is generally perceived as meaning "terrific“. In Brazil, thumbs up means ‘thanks’

thumbs up sign. It is an indication of something that is bad or something that you do not approve of. It also indicates that something or someone has failed. The thumbs down sign is not used as often as the thumbs up sign. This is a rude hand gesture and an arrogant way to indicate failure.

a sign of wishing for good luck or fortune. It also may interpret that someone is hoping for something good to happen. The cross may have originated from the Pagan symbols that means to ward off evil. Many times people cross their fingers before telling a lie, as it is believed to countervail the evil that comes of the lie. It is a positive and negative symbol as it interprets both luck or lies.

the opposite person, it means 'to stop' in America and British countries. In a stop sign, the hand is tilted forward. This means the person is in an authoritative figure and asking one to 'Stop'. If the fingers are pushing down, it will indicate that the gesture is indicated for the person to sit down or settle. This is not a defensive hand gesture and is in fact a gesture to take control over the person it is intended for. If you were to use this sign in Singapore or Malaysia, it would mean that one is trying to 'hail' someone's attention like a waiter or asking for permission to speak.

that you can win a fight with anybody else in said bar
In Arab countries, if an empty glass is an up-side down it is consider that a person is done with drinking otherwise they will keep on serving.

and stretch out your fingers. But, if you were in Greece, the same gesture would be considered as a traditional manual insult. '. The moutza in American terms is similar to the hand gesture that means 'talk to the hand'. In Muslim Countries, this sign indicates an offensive gesture, which means ‘may God curse you’.

your finger and someone towards you. Philippines. This is because this is one of the worst forms of hand gesture that is to be used only for dogs. This hand gesture could get you arrested in Philippines or maybe even punishable by breaking your finger, so that you never ever attempt to try this offensive gesture again. In Asian countries like Japan, the dog call is considered a rude gesture. In Singapore, it is indication of death.

to remember something someone has forgotten. In Latin America, snapping fingers means asking one to hurry up. In Great Britain and America, one snaps fingers when one remembers something or gets an idea. However, in many cultures, snapping fingers close to someone's face is considered to be an offensive gesture.

late or wants to indicate running out of time, they tend to watch their wrist. This is despite the fact that they may or may not be wearing a watch on the wrist. This is a subconscious gesture to indicate an end of conversation or a subtle way that one should take leave. However, do not attempt this gesture in Middle Eastern countries. It is believed that once a conversation starts, it should be allowed to take its time to complete. Gesturing to end the conversation is considered a rude insult.

point fingers at others. This hand gesture is an indication of dominance behavior in the professional world. It is considered a gesture to single out an individual from a crowd. This aggressive signal is not liked by many, as no one likes to be singled out.