Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
ATФ
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Никотинамид
(восстановленная форма)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Выделение энергии в виде тепла
(b) Клеточное дыхание
Контролированное высвобождение энергии
2 H+ + 2 e–
2 H
+
1/2 O2
(из пищи через НАДН)
ATP
ATP
ATP
1/2 O2
2 H+
2 e–
ЭТЦ
H2O
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Цикл Кребса
BioFlix: Cellular Respiration
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
4 ADP + 4
P
2 НАД+ + 4 e– + 4 H+
2 НАДН
+ 2 H+
2 Пируват + 2 H2O
2 Пируват + 2 H2O
Глюкоза
Итого
4 ATP образование – 2 ATP использывание
2 ATP
2 НАД+ + 4 e– + 4 H+
2 НАДН + 2 H+
6
7
8
9
10
2
2 ADP
2 ATP
Фосфоенолпируват
Пируват киназа
2
Пируват
10
2
P
i
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Цикл Кребса
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
50
40
30
20
10
2
(from NADH
or FADH2)
0
2 H+ + 1/2
O2
H2O
e–
e–
e–
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Хемоосмотическая теория
P
i
Хемоосмос
Oкислительное фосфорилирование
H+
H+
АТФ синтетаза
ATP
2
1
Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and
chemiosmosis
Citric
acid
cycle
2
Acetyl
CoA
Glycolysis
Glucose
2
Pyruvate
2 NADH
2 NADH
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 FADH2
2 NADH
CYTOSOL
Electron shuttles
span membrane
or
MITOCHONDRION
Most cellular respiration requires O2 to produce ATP
Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions)
In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Animation: Fermentation Overview
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
2 Ethanol
(a) Alcohol fermentation
2 ADP + 2
Pi
2 ATP
Glucose
Glycolysis
2 NAD+
2 NADH
+ 2 H+
2 Pyruvate
2 Lactate
(b) Lactic acid fermentation
2
CO2
2 Ethanol
(a) Alcohol fermentation
2
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
(b) Lactic acid fermentation
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Gycolysis and the citric acid cycle are major intersections to various catabolic and anabolic pathways
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
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