HEALTHY PEOPLE = HEALTHY PLANETThe Public Health Benefits of Climate Solutions презентация

Содержание

Impacts on N. America WILDFIRES INCREASED HEAT HEAVY RAIN, STORMS, FLOODS

Слайд 1HEALTHY PEOPLE = HEALTHY PLANET The Public Health Benefits of Climate Solutions


Слайд 2

Слайд 3 Impacts on N. America
WILDFIRES
INCREASED HEAT
HEAVY RAIN,
STORMS, FLOODS

Слайд 4IPCC: Only one safe course of action

Слайд 5Sam Moody Atlanta, GA

Слайд 6We Over Me Farm Houston, TX

Слайд 7Steve Groff Holtwood, PA

Слайд 9CARMAGEDDON!
Ultrafine Particulates down 83 %
PM2.5 down 36 percent

ER

Visits UCLA down 23%
ER Visits Mt Sinai down 13%
911 calls decreased 12%

Los Angeles, CA 405 Freeway

Слайд 10Jeffery Thompson MD Gundersen Lutheran Health System LaCrosse, WI

Слайд 11$1 MILLION ANNUAL SAVINGS from improved EFFICIENCY

Слайд 12Powered by 100% Clean Energy

Слайд 14TOP 5 CAUSES OF DEATH IN US
Heart Disease (diabetes)
Cancer
Chronic Lung Disease
Stroke
Unintentional

Injury (mva)

Слайд 15TOP 10 CAUSES OF THE CAUSES of death in developed countries
1)

tobacco
2) high blood pressure
3) overweight and
obesity
4) physical inactivity
5) high blood glucose

6) high cholesterol
7) low fruit and vegetable intake
8) urban outdoor air pollution
9) alcohol
10) occupational

WHO 2009

Слайд 16 CAUSES OF THE CAUSES OF THE CAUSES
Air pollution


Car centric built

environment


Industrial agriculture and food system


Слайд 17AIR POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION

Слайд 18EPA Ozone Nonattainment Areas

Слайд 19September in Central Texas: 1 out of 6 days with unhealthy air


Слайд 20AIR POLLUTION AND CHILDHOOD ASTHMA
Playing multiple outdoor sports in areas with

poor air quality triples the risk of developing childhood asthma (McConnell, 2002)

Childhood asthma incidence increased 16% per 10ug/m3 of fine particulate exposure, and 7% per 10ug/m3 of Nox. (Anderson, 2013)

A 5-ppb increase in average NO2 during the first year of life was associated with an odds ratio of 1.17 for physician-diagnosed asthma. (Nishimura, 2013)

Слайд 21AIR POLLUTION AND CVD
CHRONIC EXPOSURE
Rate of carotid intimal thickening is

doubled in people who live within 100 m of busy roadway
(Kinsli, 2010)

ACUTE EXPOSURE Each 10ug/m3 PM2.5
4.5% increase in acute cardiac events
8-18% increase in CVD mortality
(Pope, 2004, 2006, 2008)

Слайд 22AIR POLLUTION AND DIABETES
10ug/m3 PM2.5 = 1% increase in prevalence DM2
(Pearson,

2010)

Exposure to traffic and PM increased risk of new onset DM2 15-42% (Kramer, 2010)

Highest quartile maternal exposure to NOx increased gestational DM 70% (Malmqvist, 2013)

2SD increase in childhood exposure NO2/ PM2.5
= 18% increase in insulin resistance.
(Thiering, 2013)



Слайд 23Prenatal PAH Exposure and Childhood Obesity
Rrundle et al Am J Epidemiol.

Jun 1, 2012; 175(11)- 1163–1172..

Слайд 24AIR POLLUTION AND CHILD OBESITY
Prenatal exposure to higher levels of PAH

doubled risk of obesity at age 7 (Rundle, 2012)

Residential proximity to traffic in childhood (controlling for other risk factors) associated with higher BMI at age 18
(Kramer, 2010)

Kids in 90th percentile for traffic related air pollution have more rapid increase in BMI (Jerrett, 2014)

Слайд 25 AIR POLLUTION CARBON POLLUTION



Слайд 26

Ziska, Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,
2000. 27: 893− 898.
CO2 and

Noxious Plants


RAGWEED

POISON IVY

Слайд 27 CO2, MOLD and Asthma
For each 10 U

increase in home Environmental Relative
Moldiness Index (ERMI) in infancy, risk of incident asthma
by age 7 increased 80% (Reponen, 2011)


Слайд 28Nox + VOCs + heat = Ozone

Слайд 29Ozone Climate Penalty

Слайд 30 Climate-Related Ozone will Increase NY Pediatric ED Asthma Visits 5-10% by

2020

Sheffield PE,   SeAm J Prev Med.p;41(3):251-7

Слайд 31PREMATURE DEATHS FROM OZONE will triple by 2030

Слайд 32Valley Fever Endemic Area

Слайд 33VALLEY FEVER
Brown, Clin Epidemiol. 2013; 5(1) 185-197
Tenfold increase in incidence
of

Cocciciodomycosis

Lubbock, TX

Слайд 34WARMING & WILDFIRE SMOKE

Слайд 35Wildfire Contribution to Ground Level Ozone Northwest Fire Season 2012
Jaffe et

al | Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 11065−11072

Слайд 36

A Kenward et al 2013
LOS ANGELES
PM 2.5 2003

Слайд 37DIOXINS, PAH and Wildfires
Smoke from Idaho Fires 2013

Слайд 38Clean energy

Слайд 39US WIND POWER POTENTIAL

Слайд 40US SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL

Слайд 41100% CLEAN BY 2050 thesolutionsproject.org

Слайд 43Total life cycle emissions Clean vs Fossil Fuel

Слайд 44Intermittency not a problem up to 80%

Слайд 45Percent renewable generation achieved with conventional technology

Слайд 46POLICIES for CLEAN AIR


Shift subsidies from fossil fuel to clean energy


Strong National Renewable Electricity Standard
50% of electricity by 2030, 100% by 2050


Net metering (utilities pay for surplus power)






Слайд 47LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD STOP EXTERNALIZING HEALTH AND CLIMATE COST OF

CARBON

Слайд 48MORE EFFICIENT BUILDINGS

Слайд 49PROGRESSIVE EFFICIENCY STANDARDS for New and Remodeled Buildings
www.architecture2030.org

Слайд 50COMPETITIVE FUEL ECONOMY

Слайд 51POLICIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Stronger fuel economy standards


National Energy Building Code


National Retrofit Financing

Слайд 52Decrease in O3 and PM 2.5 with 3 Climate Policy Options
Clean

Electricity Std

Transportation

Carbon Tax

T Thompson, Nature Climate Change (July 2014)

Слайд 53

20,000 Heart Attacks PREVENTED 23,000-50,000 Deaths

each year

SAVED: OVER 100 BILLION DOLLARS PER YEAR
EPA 2013

Слайд 54Carbon Abatement Cost Curve

Слайд 55CLEAN ENERGY=CLEAN AIR =HEALTH SAVINGS



T. Thompson, Nature Climate Change 4, 917–923 (2014)


Слайд 56Value of decreased mortality from air quality improvement exceeds cost of

emissions reduction

West et al, Nature Climate Change 3: 885-889 2013

HIGH VALUE LOW VALUE ABATEMENT COST / TON CO2

Слайд 57 EPA Carbon Rules Impact on Air Quality: 2020
OZONE

FINE PARTICULATES

Слайд 58Distribution of Lives saved by EPA Carbon Rule in 2020

Слайд 59CAR CENTRIC BUILT ENVIRONMENT


Слайд 60 Texas Interurban Railway

Слайд 61 From Interurban to Automobile

Слайд 62NEIGHBORHOODS

Слайд 63

HEART DISEASE,OBESITY, DIABETES; COLON CANCER ONE THIRD PROSTATE CANCER, AND RECURRENT BREAST CANCER ATTRIBUTABLE TO PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

Слайд 64WALKABILITY, OBESITY, AND DIABETES
TEN YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY Ontario
Least walkable

neighborhoods
DM +6%
Obesity/Overweight +13%
Most walkable neighborhoods
DM -7%
Obesity/Overweight - 9%

(Booth, 2014, presented at ADA)



Слайд 65WALKABILITY DM, OBESITY, AND CVD
Sprawl and disconnected street networks are associated

with increased rates of obesity, diabetes, and CVD. (Marshall, 2014)


Residents of “walkable” metro areas walk more & use more public transit, have lower BMI & BP, less DM, and 3 years longer life expectancy than people living with sprawl. (Ewing, 2014)



Слайд 66Cost of Transportation Related Health Outcomes in US


$300 billion per year

Слайд 67WALKABILITY SCORES FOR TEXAS MAJOR CITIES
Houston 44
San Antonio 34
Dallas 44
Austin 35
Ft Worth

32
El Paso 39


Слайд 68TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT

Слайд 69TRANSIT AND OBESITY
Users of public transit are 45% less likely to

be obese or overweight (Zheng, Y. 2008)

Transit commuters walk twice as many minutes/day as car commuters, weigh an average of 6-7 lb less and have lower % body fat. (Flint, 2014)

Increased use of public transit would cut the annual increase in obesity prevalence by 45%.
(Edwards, 2008)


Слайд 70 TRANSIT DECREASES MVA DEATHS Urban Traffic Fatalities/100,000 by Cities' Transit Use

by Smart Growth vs Sprawl

Слайд 71Austin ranks 39th of 46 major metro areas in jobs available

within 30 minute trip by public transit

Слайд 72Per Capita Health Savings from Rapid Transit and TOD
Average
Urban Transit
High Quality

Urban Rail or Rapid Bus

Transit Oriented
Development

Слайд 73US Emissions from Transportation

Слайд 75POLICIES FOR ACTIVE/PUBLIC TRANSIT Smarth growth, Infrastructure Investment, Coordination (Health in All

Policies)

Слайд 7610,000 colon cancers 215,000 heart attacks 32,000 MVA fatalities

PREVENTED 570,000 new diabetes cases each year

ANNUAL SAVINGS SF BAY AREA Maizlish, N. Am J Public Health.
1.4-22 BILLION DOLLARS PER YEAR 2013 Apr;103(4):703-9.

Слайд 77Good news: We're already on our way.

Vehicle miles per capita decreasing

Слайд 78 INDUSTRIAL FOOD SYSTEM

Слайд 79From family farm to agribusiness

Слайд 81Increased consumption of high fructose corn syrup

Слайд 83FOOD DESERTS

Слайд 84 Inadequate Intake of Fruits/Vegetables






Слайд 85Increasing dependence on imported produce & associated outbreaks of foodborne

infection

2013 – Cilantro from Mexico

http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/global-grocer/

Слайд 86Adult Obesity Trend

Слайд 87TEXAS TRENDS OBESITY

RELATED DISEASES

Слайд 88High Fructose Corn Syrup and Metabolic Syndrome
Meta-analysis: Fructose consumption

increases FBG, triglycerides, and systolic BP. (Kelishadi, 2014)

Fructose sweetened beverages increase FBG and insulin levels, decrease insulin sensitivity (Stanhope, 2009)

Fructose induced insulin resistance in rats is attenuated by lycopene (Yin, 2014)


Слайд 89Red Meat, DM, Cancer, and CVD
NIH-AARP Study: 20-50% increased mortality from

cancer and CVD (Sinha, 2009)

Womens' Health Study:
28% more incident DM over 8 years (Song, 2004)

Nurses' Health Study/ Health Professionals Followup Study: 13% increase in mortality per serving (all cause, cancer, and CVD). (Pan, 2012)
Extra daily half serving of meat raised risk of DM 48% for subsequent 4 years (Pan, 2013)






Слайд 90OBESITY AND ASTHMA
Numerous prospective studies in adults found obesity associated with

increased risk of incident asthma with BMI “dose response”

Weight loss, both surgical and non surgical, associated with resolution of asthma, decrease in asthma symptoms or increased FEV1

(Ford, E The Epidemiology of Obesity and Asthma
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:897-909.)

Слайд 91International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood JUNK FOOD AND ASTHMA
Nagel,

Thorax. 2010 Jun;65(6):516-22.

Слайд 92INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE AND GLOBAL WARMING METHANE POLLUTION (70 x warming power of CO2

)


Слайд 93& MORE GLOBAL WARMING NITROGEN OXIDE from FERTILIZER (300 x warming power of

CO2)

Слайд 94 DROUGHT AND WATER QUALITY Public Water Systems on Restriction

Слайд 95Arsenic in Groundwater

Arsenic concentration in wells Public

water systems exceeding EPA std

Слайд 96Arsenic alters gene expression, promotes lung, skin, bladder cancer
Cancer risk from

adult As in drinking water

Altered gene expression in cord blood with maternal As exposure

Слайд 97MATERNAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND DECREASED CHILD SURVIVAL

(Rahman, 2013)

Слайд 98 CROP MYCOTOXINS

Слайд 99Aflatoxin 2014 Fumonisin 2014
Texas State Chemist 2014
Hepatotoxic
Nephrotoxic
Teratogenic
Carcinogenic
Hepatotoxic
Carcinogenic
Immunosuppressive

Слайд 100 NHANES 2000
1% positive
Age OR for +
12-39 1.49
40 + 1.00
Ethnicity OR
Black 0.92
White 1.00
Mex American 2.71

Aflatoxin

Biomarkers

Bexar County 2010
20% of adults positive, associated with rice and tortillas

Слайд 101
ANNUAL INCIDENCE HCC 1995–2010
Ramirez AG, Munoz E, Holden AEC, Adeigbe RT,

et al. (2014) Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Texas Latinos, 1995–2010: An Update. PLoS ONE 9(6): e99365. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099365

US Latino

Texas Latino

South Texas Latino

White, non-Hispanic

Слайд 102Aflatoxin Biomarkers and Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
RISK FACTORS

OR for HCC
Aflatoxin Biomarker Alone 7
Chronic Hepatitis B or C Alone 7-28
NAFLD alone 3-16
Aflatoxin + Chronic Hep B or C 60
Aflatoxin + NAFLD ??

40% OF OBESE CHILDREN AND 40% OF ALL ADULTS HAVE NAFLD

Слайд 103HEALTHY FOOD SYSTEM LOCAL DIVERSE SUSTAINABLE HEALTHY FOOD

Слайд 104Mediterranean Diet

Слайд 105Mediterranean vs Western diet Less: GHG, H2O, energy, land
Sáez-Almendros et al. Environmental

Health 2013 12:118 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-118

MEDITERRANEAN 0 WESTERN

Слайд 106Organic farming vs Conventional 30% lower GHG, higher profit, equal

yields

Слайд 107Mediterranean Diet & Asthma, Diabetes, and Cancer PROSPECTIVE STUDIES
14%

lower risk asthma (Nagel, 2010)

80% lower risk DM (Martinez-Gonzales, 2008)

24% lower risk cancer (Benetou, 2008)

31% lower CVD mortality (Sofi, 2008)

22% lower cancer mortality (Sofi, 2008)


Слайд 108 INTERVENTION STUDIES Mediterranean Diet

60% decrease cardiac events (Ornish, 1998)

70%

decrease CVD mortality (DeLogeri, 1994)

35- 48% decrease in metabolic syndrome
(Esposito, 2004, Azadhbakt, 2005)






Слайд 109 ADVISE SUBSIDIZE
Meat,
Dairy
63%
Grains
20%
Sugar,
Oil,

Alcohol
15%

Nuts, Legumes
2%

Fruits, Vegetables 1%

Слайд 110POLICIES FOR HEALTHY FOOD AND FARMS






Subsidize fruits and vegetables
Reward good stewardship

Crop diversity
Natural fertilizer
Crop rotation
Conservation set asides
Donate excess food
Harvest energy from waste

Слайд 111 300,000 Heart Attacks/Strokes PREVENTED 260,000 New Diabetes Cases 127,000 CVD Deaths

each year 144,000 Cancer Deaths

Слайд 112WE ARE HERE
Temperature increase 1.4 degrees F

Слайд 113AND HERE:
70% overweight or obese

34% CVD

12% diabetes
37% pre-diabetes

8% asthma
75 cents of

every
health dollar spent on
preventable chronic
disease

Слайд 115Sustainable agriculture Active and public transportation Efficient buildings and vehicles Clean electricity

Слайд 117BUSINESS AS USUAL













2030
40% Obese
40% CVD
20% Diabetic
10% Asthmatic
2050
50% Obese
50% CVD
30% Diabetic

Слайд 118WHAT YOU CAN DO
Sign up for action alerts climate911.org

VOTE CLIMATE climatehawksvote.com

Tell

your congresspeople: Climate policy is essential to protect public health

Speak out in your community

Слайд 119Climate/Health Communication Workshop


October 11: 5305 Turnabout Lane 10am-noon

Слайд 120HEALTHY PEOPLE = HEALTHY PLANET

www.climate911.org

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