April 30, 2015 Washington, DC
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Getting Serious About Carbon pricing презентация
Содержание
- 2. MICHAEL OBEITER
- 3. WHY PRICE CARBON? Pricing carbon can be
- 4. OBJECTIVES Putting a Price on Carbon
- 5. PAPER OVERVIEW Basics of Pricing Carbon A
- 7. CARBON PRICING PROGRAMS AROUND THE WORLD www.wri.org/carbonpricing
- 8. CARBON PRICING IN THE UNITED STATES www.wri.org/carbonpricing
- 9. PROGRAM TYPE: CARBON TAX VS CAP-AND-TRADE Both
- 10. CARBON PRICE DESIGN: KEY QUESTIONS Which gases?
- 11. CARBON PRICE DESIGN: EXAMPLES Regional Greenhouse Gas
- 12. REVENUE USE Revenue can be used to
- 13. REVENUE NEUTRAL TAX SWAPS Taxes on labor/capital
- 14. LUMP SUM DIVIDEND Send every household
- 15. ADDITIONAL REVENUE USES Various other policy objectives:
- 16. ECONOMISTS OVERWHELMINGLY SUPPORT A CARBON TAX Source:
- 17. ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDIES Winners and losers
- 18. CONCLUSION A carbon price can be the
- 19. FUTURE RESEARCH WRI aims to promote dialogue
- 20. PUTTING A PRICE ON CARBON:
MICHAEL OBEITER WWW.WRI.ORG/CARBONPRICING PUTTING A PRICE ON CARBON: A Handbook for U.S. Policymakers
Слайд 2MICHAEL OBEITER
WWW.WRI.ORG/CARBONPRICING
PUTTING A PRICE ON CARBON:
A Handbook for U.S. Policymakers
Слайд 3WHY PRICE CARBON?
Pricing carbon can be a core element of U.S.
long-term climate change strategy
A carbon price can also serve other policy goals
Promote economic growth
Support clean energy
Transition assistance
A carbon price can also serve other policy goals
Promote economic growth
Support clean energy
Transition assistance
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 4OBJECTIVES
Putting a Price on Carbon provides an overview of carbon
pricing
Basic primer
Refresher and reference work
Future work from WRI will build on this foundation
Basic primer
Refresher and reference work
Future work from WRI will build on this foundation
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 5PAPER OVERVIEW
Basics of Pricing Carbon
A Brief History of
Carbon Pricing
Key Design
Features
Uses of Carbon Pricing Revenues
Economic Effects of a Carbon Price
Uses of Carbon Pricing Revenues
Economic Effects of a Carbon Price
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 8CARBON PRICING IN THE UNITED STATES
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Federal proposals
McCain/Lieberman (2003)
Waxman/Markey (2009)
Whitehouse/Schatz (2014)
Delaney (2015)
…and
many more
Слайд 9PROGRAM TYPE: CARBON TAX VS CAP-AND-TRADE
Both incentivize emissions reductions
Similar design
and revenue decisions
Carbon tax offers administrative simplicity and price certainty
Cap-and-trade offers emissions certainty
Carbon tax offers administrative simplicity and price certainty
Cap-and-trade offers emissions certainty
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 10CARBON PRICE DESIGN: KEY QUESTIONS
Which gases?
Which sectors?
Where to impose the regulation?
What
price or cap level and trajectory?
Include a border tax adjustment?
How to monitor and enforce?
What complementary policies?
Include a border tax adjustment?
How to monitor and enforce?
What complementary policies?
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 11CARBON PRICE DESIGN: EXAMPLES
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Electricity CO2
Most revenues go to
energy efficiency
$2.9 billion in lifetime savings to 3.7 million households
British Columbia Carbon Tax
Started at C$10, now C$30
Covers ~3/4 of GHGs
Most revenues used to reduce taxes
$2.9 billion in lifetime savings to 3.7 million households
British Columbia Carbon Tax
Started at C$10, now C$30
Covers ~3/4 of GHGs
Most revenues used to reduce taxes
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 12REVENUE USE
Revenue can be used to accomplish various objectives:
Promote economic growth
Offset
adverse impacts
Investment in climate change protections
Substantial revenue opportunity
$15 / tonne price could generate ~$100 billion
Investment in climate change protections
Substantial revenue opportunity
$15 / tonne price could generate ~$100 billion
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 13REVENUE NEUTRAL TAX SWAPS
Taxes on labor/capital discourage productive activity we want
more of
A carbon tax discourages activity we want less of
Why not tax destructive instead of productive activities?
For example, use revenues to reduce income or payroll taxes
A carbon tax discourages activity we want less of
Why not tax destructive instead of productive activities?
For example, use revenues to reduce income or payroll taxes
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 14LUMP SUM DIVIDEND
Send every household a check
Key advantages:
Relatively simple
Revenue neutral
(or nearly neutral)
Ensures low-income taxpayers are not negatively impacted
Ensures low-income taxpayers are not negatively impacted
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 15ADDITIONAL REVENUE USES
Various other policy objectives:
Deficit reduction
Transition assistance
R&D for
low-carbon technologies
Climate change adaptation
Different uses of revenue are of interest to different stakeholders
Climate change adaptation
Different uses of revenue are of interest to different stakeholders
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 16ECONOMISTS OVERWHELMINGLY SUPPORT A CARBON TAX
Source: http://www.igmchicago.org/igm-economic-experts-panel/poll-results?SurveyID=SV_8oABK2TolkGluV7; weighted by confidence
Statement: Government
should raise revenue with a carbon tax instead of labor income taxes
Слайд 17ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDIES
Winners and losers in short run
Smart use of
revenue can offset negative impacts
Trade-offs exist between revenue options
Trade-offs exist between revenue options
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 18CONCLUSION
A carbon price can be the cornerstone of long-run U.S. climate
policy AND achieve multiple additional objectives
Designing a carbon pricing policy involves a number of important decisions that can broaden support
Designing a carbon pricing policy involves a number of important decisions that can broaden support
www.wri.org/carbonpricing
Слайд 19FUTURE RESEARCH
WRI aims to promote dialogue on why and how to
implement a carbon price
WRI will delve deeper into key issues:
Basic economics and incentives underlying a carbon price
Regional disparities and how to address them
How a carbon price can drive innovation
WRI will delve deeper into key issues:
Basic economics and incentives underlying a carbon price
Regional disparities and how to address them
How a carbon price can drive innovation
Keep an eye on www.wri.org/carbonpricing for new research
Слайд 20
PUTTING A PRICE ON CARBON: A HANDBOOK FOR U.S. POLICYMAKERS
THANK YOU
WWW.WRI.ORG/CARBONPRICING
