Generating income from mangroves through climate change mitigation презентация

of Party
USAID’s LEAF Program, Bangkok
dganz@leafasia.org

Protection and Conservation

are emerging but slow to develop (ex. PFES)
Mangroves contain large amounts of carbon and have high sequestration rates in comparison with other forest types and land uses.
A high proportion of carbon is contained in the soil and released with mangrove conversions.

enhancing carbon stocks and SFM)

Afforestation and reforestation

Increased use of harvested wood products for increased carbon stocks and fossil fuel substitution

REDD+

CDM does not include soil carbon for small projects (<16 000 tonnes CO2eyr-1 or ~500ha)

Changes to hydrology not allowed for small projects

Kyoto regime extended for 8 years to 2020

Validation and registration costs are very high (~$160,000 + $14,000 every 5 years for verification)

of the voluntary standards

Includes REDD+ and agriculture

Carbon credits verified under the VCS fetch higher prices than ETS systems that allow forest carbon.

Soil carbon can be included in small projects.

Peat rewetting methodology is now available so project should be able to take advantages of hydrological cycle changes (ex. Deserted fish ponds).

the best conditions (>1000+ha to break even);

Value probably significantly less as up to 60% of credits may need to be kept in a ‘buffer’ depending on risk (10% of buffer is released every 5 years if risk proves to be low);

Costs of setting up institutional mechanism and distributing benefits also need to be considered; and

Policy and legislative support and carbon credit ownership needs to be clarified with relevant agencies.

and motivation for detailed quantification and accreditation remains low

REDD projects in threatened degraded mangrove areas with deep soils should generate most carbon credits

Projects on abandoned fish ponds may also make sense

Methodologies still need to be refined and carbon sequestration and storage is highly variable between and within mangrove areas and not well understood

initiatives have often been aimed at conservation and socio-economic development anyway

Investments associated with establishing community forestry in Cambodia average $54,900 per site

better opportunity

Direct CSR helping local communities

Popular in SE Asian context.

in Asia’s Forests (USAID LEAF)

Income for Coastal Communities for Mangrove Protection

Thailand
Vietnam
Pakistan

livelihood development
Carbon prices are low and may not increase much in the medium-term
Cap and trade markets do not admit forest carbon credits and motivation remains low

responsibly promote mangrove conservation, carbon emissions reduction and sustainable development through the provision of funding to local communities for livelihood diversification, resource enhancement and coastal protection.

alternative livelihood development
Carbon prices are low and may not increase much in the medium-term
Costs of entry into carbon markets is prohibitive for small scale forestry projects
Demand for CC mitigation and conservation remains
Direct market mechanisms are needed.

wider replication.
Seek broad institutional support to increase robustness and build confidence.

and livelihoods projects

Activity 1.1 Inception WS/ Expert meeting
Activity 1.2 Assessment of funding availability
Activity 1.3 ‘Develop model that assesses the role of mangroves in carbon storage and sequestration’ – bypass measurement expenses.

A mechanism to incentivise mangrove conservation and benefit adjacent communities

Output 4 – Costs quantified and financing options developed

Output 4 – Implementation partners for regional replication