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Chemotherapy of Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics презентация
Содержание
- 2. Chemotherapy of Bacterial Infections ~~~~~~~~ Antibiotics
- 3. Definitions of Antibiotics OLD: An antibiotic is
- 4. Impact of Modern Healthcare on Life Expectancy
- 5. History Paul Ehrlich “Magic Bullet” Chemicals with
- 6. History (cont’d) Gerhard Domagk Drugs are
- 7. History Alexander Fleming Microbes make antibiotics ORIGIN: moldy culture plate DRUG: Penicillin (1928) NOBEL: 1945 (cont’d)
- 8. History (cont’d) Selman Waksman Soil Streptomyces
- 9. The Ideal Drug* Selective toxicity: against target
Chemotherapy of Bacterial Infections
~~~~~~~~
Antibiotics
Слайд 3Definitions of Antibiotics
OLD: An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by
various species of microorganisms that is capable in small concentrations of inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms
NEW: An antibiotic is a product produced by a microorganism or a similar substance produced wholly or partially by chemical synthesis, which in low concentrations, inhibits the growth of other microorganisms
Слайд 5History
Paul Ehrlich
“Magic Bullet”
Chemicals with selective toxicity
ORIGIN: Selective Stains
DRUG: Arsphenamine (1910)
“606” Salvarsan
NOBEL: 1908
Слайд 6History
(cont’d)
Gerhard Domagk
Drugs are changed in the body
ORIGIN: Prontosil
(Only active in vivo)
DRUG: Sulfanilamide (1935)
NOBEL:
1939
Слайд 7History
Alexander Fleming
Microbes make antibiotics
ORIGIN: moldy culture plate
DRUG: Penicillin (1928)
NOBEL: 1945
(cont’d)
Слайд 8History
(cont’d)
Selman Waksman
Soil Streptomyces make antibiotics
comes up with definition of
antibiotic
ORIGIN: Penicillin development
DRUG: Streptomycin (1943)
NOBEL: 1952
ORIGIN: Penicillin development
DRUG: Streptomycin (1943)
NOBEL: 1952
Слайд 9The Ideal Drug*
Selective toxicity: against target pathogen but not against
host
LD50 (high) vs. MIC and/or MBC (low)
Bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic
Favorable pharmacokinetics: reach target site in body with effective concentration
Spectrum of activity: broad vs. narrow
Lack of “side effects”
Therapeutic index: effective to toxic dose ratio
Little resistance development
LD50 (high) vs. MIC and/or MBC (low)
Bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic
Favorable pharmacokinetics: reach target site in body with effective concentration
Spectrum of activity: broad vs. narrow
Lack of “side effects”
Therapeutic index: effective to toxic dose ratio
Little resistance development
* There is no perfect drug.
