Crop diversity for climate change adaptation Michael Halewood, Bioversity International 8 April 2014 презентация

Led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Program manager from University of Copenhagen, CCAFS is a collaboration among all 15 CGIAR research centres with over 700 partners. Future earth

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Crop diversity for climate change adaptation
Michael Halewood, Bioversity International
8 April

2014

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Led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Program manager from

University of Copenhagen, CCAFS is a collaboration among all 15 CGIAR research centres with over 700 partners. Future earth is a founding, executing partner.
The program is carried out with funding support from governments and aid agencies, both through the CGIAR Fund and bilaterally: 57 million in 2013

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)


Слайд 3Research themes
Geographical engagement


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http://ccafs.cgiar.org/


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Table of contents

What do we know about use of crop diversity

for adaptation?
What are there knowledge gaps that need to be addressed?
How is CCAFS addressing them?
How will research results be translated into practice?



The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)


Слайд 6What we know


Слайд 7Estimated impact of +3°C change on crop yields by 2050
Changes in

the intensity, frequency and seasonality of precipitation

Changes in groundwater and river flows

Source: CCAFS


Слайд 8What we know about the role of crop diversity
We know the

outer limits of heat/cold, drought/water logging that a number of crops can tolerate
Can increase the resilience of agricultural production systems
Is a source of useful traits to adapt to changing climatic conditions



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A static, one-time adaptation response is not enough: capacity to continuously

adapt is critical

Adaptive capacity must be continuous, rolling


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What we know about policy challenges
Policies and public interventions oriented towards

simplified production systems
Public investments on seed often focus on few crops and few varieties
Policies designed with other objectives in mind can have negative effect on availability and use crop diversity
Countries increasing interdependence on plant genetic resources often overlooked. Availability is limited
Rarely integrated into national climate change adaptation strategies



Слайд 11What we need to investigate


Слайд 12How to identify highest potential (in terms of adaptation) materials in

genebanks, farmers fields, breeding programmes? 
In what situations does crop diversity have high/low potential to contribute to adaptation and farmers’ livelihoods?   
What diversity-based adaptation interventions have the most potential to promote gender equity?
What is the value of the gains that can be made through crop diversification? How can such information be used for trade-off decisions?
How can we scale up projects so that large numbers of farmers can deploy crop diversity to adapt to climate-related stresses?




Слайд 13Addressing knowledge gaps


Слайд 14The ‘Seeds for Needs’ approach


Слайд 15The Seeds for Needs approach
Combining climate change data with data on

crop suitability, geographic information and genebank accession collection coordinates to identify genebank materials that can adapt to specific climatic conditions.


Слайд 16Participatory evaluation


Слайд 17Engaging farmers


Слайд 18Drought tolerant maize for Africa
60 tolerant varieties hybrids
57 OPVs
20-30% more maize

than other available varieties under drought conditions
29,000 tons of seed produced in 2011/12 season
2.9 million smallholder farmers

Since 2006, developing and deploying maize varieties providing good harvest under reduce rainfall.

For 300 million people in sub-Saharan Africa maize means ‘life’. Nearly all African farmers rely on rainfall to grow maize – drought means disaster.


Слайд 19An agricultural technology evaluation database for climate change analysis to:
facilitate the

analysis on the performance of agricultural technologies under a changing climate
form the basis for improving models of agricultural production under current and future conditions and for evaluating the efficacy of trialed materials for adaptation.

AgTrials


Слайд 20CIAT is supporting participatory variety selection of beans suited to local

climatic conditions in Uganda. Also working closely with the GCDT to identify major gaps of wild species in ex situ collections.
With IRRI and IFPRI, improving modelling framework for cassava, beans, rice and tropical forages to prioritize technology development in the face of climate change
ICARDA is using some of the similar suit of tools to identify and characterize analogue sites in WA, EA and SAsia suitable for testing breeding lines and as potential sources of climate change adapted germplasm
IRRI has developed a model to simulate of rice yield losses/gains under different production situations, injury profiles and improved crop management and protection technologies.
ICRISAT has supported farmer knowledge exchanges regarding adaptation strategies and technologies in Tanzania and Kenya
Other centres are breeding for traits adapted to climate change, usually in CGIAR Research Programmes on commodities
Bioversity International: researching use of traditional crop varietal diversity to reduce crop loss to pest and disease attacks (under CRP WLE).




Additional initiatives


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Researching changing patterns of research and development relationships (in seed chains),

sources and flows of germplasm in response to climate changes, and impact of policies on those changes
CGIAR centres (2011-1012)
Other PGRFA users – mostly breeders and genebanks – in 19 countries (2013-2014)
Analysis of extent to which NAPAs, other national policies they include crop diversification as adaptation strategy. Working through national projects to have crop diversification included, supported.

Policy research

Source: CCAFS


Слайд 22Research and capacity building for implementation/participation in the Multilateral System of

Access and Benefit Sharing of the Plant Treaty
Research on influence of subsidies in varietal seed multiplication/availability in developing countries
Network analyses of factors affecting diffusion and uptake of climate smart practices, including crop diversification

Policy research

Countries classified based on the number of transfers of
material from CGIAR breeding programs in 2009. Source: CGIAR database


Слайд 23Translating research into practice


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Translating research into practice
Policies
Participatory approaches
Capacity building



Слайд 251. Farmers’ needs analysis, and
2. Selection of tools and software, and

data preparation

germplasm
identification

4. Germplasm acquisition

5. Field testing of germplasm

Documentation

Documentation

Documentation

Documentation

3. Climate change analysis and

6. Germplasm conservation

8. Communication

formulation of objectives, and

7. Evaluation of the research process



Documentation

Resilient Seed Systems and Adaptation to Climate Change R&D Process


Identification of documentation options

Documentation



agreeing on forms of participation

Documentation








Слайд 26Thank you


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