Crop diversity for climate change adaptation Michael Halewood, Bioversity International 8 April 2014 презентация

2014

University of Copenhagen, CCAFS is a collaboration among all 15 CGIAR research centres with over 700 partners. Future earth is a founding, executing partner.
The program is carried out with funding support from governments and aid agencies, both through the CGIAR Fund and bilaterally: 57 million in 2013

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

for adaptation?
What are there knowledge gaps that need to be addressed?
How is CCAFS addressing them?
How will research results be translated into practice?

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

the intensity, frequency and seasonality of precipitation

Changes in groundwater and river flows

Source: CCAFS

outer limits of heat/cold, drought/water logging that a number of crops can tolerate
Can increase the resilience of agricultural production systems
Is a source of useful traits to adapt to changing climatic conditions

adapt is critical

Adaptive capacity must be continuous, rolling

simplified production systems
Public investments on seed often focus on few crops and few varieties
Policies designed with other objectives in mind can have negative effect on availability and use crop diversity
Countries increasing interdependence on plant genetic resources often overlooked. Availability is limited
Rarely integrated into national climate change adaptation strategies

genebanks, farmers fields, breeding programmes? 
In what situations does crop diversity have high/low potential to contribute to adaptation and farmers’ livelihoods?   
What diversity-based adaptation interventions have the most potential to promote gender equity?
What is the value of the gains that can be made through crop diversification? How can such information be used for trade-off decisions?
How can we scale up projects so that large numbers of farmers can deploy crop diversity to adapt to climate-related stresses?

crop suitability, geographic information and genebank accession collection coordinates to identify genebank materials that can adapt to specific climatic conditions.

than other available varieties under drought conditions
29,000 tons of seed produced in 2011/12 season
2.9 million smallholder farmers

Since 2006, developing and deploying maize varieties providing good harvest under reduce rainfall.

For 300 million people in sub-Saharan Africa maize means ‘life’. Nearly all African farmers rely on rainfall to grow maize – drought means disaster.

analysis on the performance of agricultural technologies under a changing climate
form the basis for improving models of agricultural production under current and future conditions and for evaluating the efficacy of trialed materials for adaptation.

AgTrials

climatic conditions in Uganda. Also working closely with the GCDT to identify major gaps of wild species in ex situ collections.
With IRRI and IFPRI, improving modelling framework for cassava, beans, rice and tropical forages to prioritize technology development in the face of climate change
ICARDA is using some of the similar suit of tools to identify and characterize analogue sites in WA, EA and SAsia suitable for testing breeding lines and as potential sources of climate change adapted germplasm
IRRI has developed a model to simulate of rice yield losses/gains under different production situations, injury profiles and improved crop management and protection technologies.
ICRISAT has supported farmer knowledge exchanges regarding adaptation strategies and technologies in Tanzania and Kenya
Other centres are breeding for traits adapted to climate change, usually in CGIAR Research Programmes on commodities
Bioversity International: researching use of traditional crop varietal diversity to reduce crop loss to pest and disease attacks (under CRP WLE).

Additional initiatives

sources and flows of germplasm in response to climate changes, and impact of policies on those changes
CGIAR centres (2011-1012)
Other PGRFA users – mostly breeders and genebanks – in 19 countries (2013-2014)
Analysis of extent to which NAPAs, other national policies they include crop diversification as adaptation strategy. Working through national projects to have crop diversification included, supported.

Policy research

Source: CCAFS

Access and Benefit Sharing of the Plant Treaty
Research on influence of subsidies in varietal seed multiplication/availability in developing countries
Network analyses of factors affecting diffusion and uptake of climate smart practices, including crop diversification

Policy research

Countries classified based on the number of transfers of
material from CGIAR breeding programs in 2009. Source: CGIAR database

data preparation

germplasm
identification

4. Germplasm acquisition

5. Field testing of germplasm

Documentation

Documentation

Documentation

Documentation

3. Climate change analysis and

6. Germplasm conservation

8. Communication

formulation of objectives, and

7. Evaluation of the research process

Documentation

Resilient Seed Systems and Adaptation to Climate Change R&D Process

Identification of documentation options

Documentation

agreeing on forms of participation

Documentation